In vitro interactions between Trichoderma harzianum and pathogenic fungi damaging horse-chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum) leaves and fruits

Abstract

Interactions between 3 pathogenic fungi damaging horse-chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum) leaves and fruits -Phyllosticta sphaeropsoidea, Phomopsis carposchiza, and Diaporthe padi -and the antagonistic fungus Trichoderma harzianum were studied to determine their mutual influence in vitro. Antibiosis of colonies developing on 5 nutrient media was tested. The 3 studied T. harzianum isolates differed in their antagonistic potential. although T. harzianum isolates significantly inhibited the growth of Phomopsis carposchiza, the mycelium growth of some of the re-isolates on fresh medium indicates an inadequate antagonistic effect of T. harzianum on this species. The tested Trichoderma isolates showed stronger antagonism towards the other pathogens, reflected in overgrowing of Phyllosticta sphaeropsoidea and Diaporthe padi and reducing their growth. Granulation of the cytoplasm and lysis of hyphae of the fungal pathogens were the most frequently observed effects of the interaction.

Phylogenetic Diversity of Trichoderma Strains and Their Antagonistic Potential against Soil-Borne Pathogens under Stress Conditions

“…In contrast, T. viride (Tv8) had the lowest inhibition percent for all pathogenic strains. Similar results were previously recorded by [15] in a study which tested T. harzianum against three pathogenic fungi (Phyllosticta sphaeropsoidea, Phomopsis carposchiza, and Diaporthe padi) and found an inhibition percentage of up to 20%. Other previous work [86], tested two Trichoderma strains against 18 Botrytis cinerea strains and found that the mycelial growth inhibition from 74.2% to 96.9% and from 71.1% to 95.9% for T. asperellum and T. harzianum, respectively.…”

“…At 25 ºC on PDA, Ta1 and Tv8 had the highest and lowest growth rates, respectively, and on CMD, Th6 and Th4 had the highest and lowest growth rates, respectively. Several studies have claimed that potato dextrose medium is the best choice for the growth of Trichoderma fungi [6,14,15,72]. One study [73] evaluated the growth of T. harzianum on five culture media namely, PDA, modified potato dextrose agar, water agar (WA), carrot agar (CA) and cornmeal agar (CMA), PDA and WA were found to be more and less effective for growth, respectively.…”

“…plays an essential role through pathogens inhibition under the contact zone due to its multiple biocontrol mechanisms such as mycoparasitism, antibiosis, competition for sites and nutrients [11], availability of metals [12], non-volatile and volatile compounds production [13], extracellular hydrolytic enzymes production [7], and pathogen's enzymes inactivation [14]. Biotic and abiotic factors influence antagonistic activity and growth of Trichoderma species against pathogens, including growth medium [6,15], temperature [16] and metal availability [17]. Trichoderma strains use several modes of action, including acidification, chelation, reduction, and hydrolysis to regulate the availability of metals such as phosphate and iron solubilization.…”

Testing of laboratory samples of microbiological preparations based on promising producer strains for the control of apple scab

“…Identified strains of bacteria B. pumilis, B. methyloprophics, Brevibacterum halotolerans, active against a fairly wide range of apple mycopathogens [2,6]. Based on the high antagonistic potential, growth rate and the possibility of cultivation under industrial conditions, fungi of the genus Trichoderma are widely used [12][13][14]. However, most of the drugs created in Russia are registered for use on cereals, vegetables, industrial crops [6], while for the control of apple diseases -only 5.…”

Fisiologia Reprodutiva Básica De Fêmeas Ovinas

“…MARTÍNEZ-COCA et al, 2013;BHAT, 2017;RAMARAJU et al, 2017;RONNIE- GAKEGNE and MARTÍNEZ-COCA, 2018;ALFIKY, 2019;PASTIRČÁKOVÁ, 2019).The majority of fungal biopesticides are formulated based on infectious propagules obtained from different fermentation systems. However, they can also exert their action from biomass and currently they are developing fungal biopesticides based on proteins, secondary metabolites, enzymes and RNA interference(GHORBANPOUR et al, 2017;BAUTISTA et al, 2018).…”