In vitroinhibitory effects of plant-derived by-products againstCryptosporidium parvum

Abstract

Disposal of organic plant wastes and by-products from the food or pharmaceutical industries usually involves high costs. In the present study, 42 samples derived from such by-products were screened in vitro against Cryptosporidium parvum, a protozoan parasite that may contaminate drinking water and cause diarrhoea. The novel bioassay was previously established in the microtitre plate format. Human ileocaecal adenocarcinoma (HCT-8) cell cultures were seeded with C. parvum oocysts and parasite development was monitored by an indirect fluorescent antibody technique (IFAT) and microscopic assessment for clusters of secondary infection (CSI). Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and potential detrimental effects on the host cells were determined. An ethanolic extract from olive (Olea europaea) pomace, after oil pressing and phenol recovery, reproducibly inhibited C. parvum development (MIC = 250–500 μg mL−1, IC50 = 361 (279–438) μg mL−1, IC90 = 467 (398–615) μg mL−1). Accordingly, tyrosol, hydroxytyrosol, trans-coniferyl alcohol and oleuropein were selected as reference test compounds, but their contributions to the observed activity of the olive pomace extract were insignificant. The established test system proved to be a fast and efficient assay for identifying anti-cryptosporidial activities in biological waste material and comparison with selected reference compounds.

Secondary metabolites produced by the citrus phytopathogen Phyllosticta citricarpa

“…For example, the isocoumarin NM-3 was in phase I of clinical tests due its antineoplastic effect [17]. Consistent with previous reports [11,12] protocatechuic acid (3) and tyrosol (4) did not show any biological activity in our assays.…”

“…Finally, based on the NMR and MS data analyses, compounds 3 and 4 were identified as protocatechuic acid and tyrosol, respectively (Fig. 1), which are common metabolites previously reported from plants and fungi [11,12].…”

A Novel Natural Antimicrobial Can Reduce the in vitro and in vivo Pathogenicity of T6SS Positive Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli Chicken Isolates

“…Plant extracts have been used for decades not only as flavor enhancers, but also to extend the shelf life and microbiological safety of food ( Hintz et al, 2015 ). Their applicability was also proven for the treatment of a range of human and animal diseases, improving human health ( Holley and Patel, 2005 ; Teichmann et al, 2016 ).…”

The in vitro and ex vivo effect of Auranta 3001 in preventing Cryptosporidium hominis and Cryptosporidium parvum infection

“…Considering the potential side effects of and resistance to many drugs, attention has shifted towards plant extracts. Plants represent an excellent source of bioactive compounds and have a long history in the prevention as well as treatment of a range of human and animal diseases [ 14 ]. Therefore, interest in natural products with antiparasitic properties has increased in recent years.…”

“…Curcumin has showed promising effects against C. parvum in vitro [ 15 ]. Also, the ethanolic extract from olive pomace has been shown to effectively inhibit C. parvum development [ 14 ]. Therefore, there is a great need to develop new anti-cryptosporidial agents, in order to provide an alternative method to control cryptosporidiosis.…”