In vitro Inhibitory Effects of Limonium contortirameum and L. virgatum Extracts from Sardinia on α-Amylase, α-Glucosidase and Pancreatic Lipase

Abstract

Pancreatic triacylglycerol lipase (PL), α-amylase and α-glucosidase are interesting pharmacological targets for the management of dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, and obesity-diabetes. Limonium spp (Plumbaginaceae) are endemic to Sardinia, Italy. Comparable with acarbose, aqueous extracts (AE) of L. contortirameum and L. virgatum, and their phytoconstituent gallic acid concentration gradients (mg/mL) were identified as in vitro potent ( p<0.001, n=3) and efficacious dual inhibitors of α-amylase and α-glucosidase with respective IC50 (mg/mL) values of 0.6 ± 0.1, 1.2 ± 0.1 and 0.15 ± 0.02. Equivalent to orlistat (PL IC50 of 0.114 ± 0.004 μg/mL), L. contortirameum, L. virgatum AE and their phytoprinciple gallic acid inhibited PL substantially ( p<0.001, n=3) in a dose-dependent manner in vitro with PL- IC50 (μg/mL) of 920.4 ± 105.2, 593.1 ± 56.8 and 8.4 ± 0.9, respectively. LC-MS analysis of extracts revealed the presence of several phenolic compounds in their aglycon and glycoside forms. These are catechins, flavones, epigallocatechins and flavonols. Flavonoid- and polyphenol-rich L contortirameum and L. virgatum, modulating gastrointestinal carbohydrate and lipid digestion and absorption, may be advocated as candidates for obesity-diabetes prevention and phytotherapy.

In vitro inhibitory effects of Sardinian Pistacia lentiscus L. and Pistacia terebinthus L. on metabolic enzymes: Pancreatic lipase, α‐amylase, and α‐glucosidase

“…The chromatographic analyses have been carried out according the method developed by Foddai et al . Briefly, an Agilent Technologies (Palo Alto, CA, USA) 1100 series LC/MSD equipped with a diode‐array detector and an autosampler (G1313A) was used for LC separation.…”

Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in an Obese State and the Protective Effects of Gallic Acid

“…Besides tea ( Camellia sinensis ), fruits that have been shown to contain high levels of gallic acid or its derivative compounds include avocado, ellagitannin-enriched polyphenolic extract, Eugenia dysenterica DC., freeze-dried jaboticaba peel, grape powder, herbal mixture, Limonium spp . (Plumbaginaceae), Mangifera indica L., mango, mulberry water, Nelumbo nucifera leaf, Norton grape pomace, number ten supplement, Ocimum basilicum , pineapple, pomegranate peels, Psidium guajava L., Pedro Sato, Paluma and Século XXI, Pu-erh tea, Punica granatum , Ribes nigrum L , Rubus suavissimus , and Terminalia bellirica [11,15,19,98,99,102,119,120,121,122,123,124,125,126,127,128,129,130,131,132,133,134,135,136,137,138,139,142,143,145].…”

In vitroandin vivocomparison of the biological activities of two traditionally and widely usedArumspecies from Jordan:Arum dioscoridisSibth & Sm. andArum palaestinumBoiss.

“…AEs were used in seven concentrations (0.10, 0.50, 1, 1.25, 2.50, 5 and 10 mg mL −1 , n = 3) in comparison with the reference drug acarbose (100 μg mL −1 , n = 3). Control (water only) samples contained neither acarbose nor plant extract (Foddai et al 2014). …”