In vitroevaluation of the schistosomicidal potential ofEremanthus erythropappus(DC) McLeisch (Asteraceae) extracts

Abstract

Eremanthus erythropappus (DC) McLeisch, a plant popularly known as Candeia (Asteraceae), has high therapeutic potential. In this study, the in vitro schistosomicidal potentials of the ethanolic, dichloromethane and hexane extract of branches were evaluated. Couples of worms obtained from the infected mice were cultured in RPMI supplemented with foetal bovine serum and antibiotics. Four pairs of adult worms were exposed to increasing concentrations of each extract and examined by light microscope. The extracts at 100 and 200 µg mL(-1) had schistosomicidal activity, as demonstrated by the analysis of several aspects such as tegument darkening, absence of motility, incapacity of adhesion in culture plate and absence of egg in culture medium. At 50 and 75 µg mL(-1), the dichloromethane and hexane extracts were highly effective. The results suggest that these extracts could be useful in the development of new schistosomicidal drugs.

Chromatographic Fingerprint Analysis and Effects of the Medicinal Plant SpeciesMitracarpus frigiduson AdultSchistosoma mansoniWorms

“…The profile of the damage caused by the exposure of the adult worms of S. mansoni to medicinal plants extracts can be determined through the observation of reduced motility, incapacity of adhesion in the culture plate by sucker cup, and tegument darkening [10, 12, 30, 31]. When the motility is lost, the worms can be considered dead [26].…”

“…The in vitro mechanism of action of this drug on adult S. mansoni worms has been well-described in the literature. This drug can cause muscle contraction and promote the immediate death of adult worms, miracidia, and primary sporocysts [11, 12]. However, the worryingly small portfolio of treatment options and the inevitability of resistance now that mass-administration programmes are in effect [13, 14] and the hemorrhage caused by this drug in the host lung tissue, as well as abdominal pain and diarrhea [15, 16], reinforce the need to develop new, safe, and effective schistosomicidal drugs.…”

In Vitro Evaluation of Schistosomicidal Activity of Essential Oil of Mentha x villosa and Some of Its Chemical Constituents in Adult Worms of Schistosoma mansoni

“…As a positive control, worms were incubated in 0.5 µg/mL of PZQ. The parasites were incubated and monitored every 24 h until 120 h to evaluate changes in motor activity and consequently the mortality rate [36,37]. The evaluation of the viability of adult worms was based on standard procedures for screening schistosomicidal compounds used within the WHO Special Program for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases, in which: (+ + +) indicates normal activity; (+ +) slight loss of movement, with active tail, suckers, and gynaecophoric canal membrane; (+) movement of tails and suckers alone; and (−) no movement.…”

In vitro evaluation of anticaries, antimycobacterial, antileishmanial and cytotoxic activities of essential oils from Eremanthus erythropappus and of α-bisabolol, their major sesquiterpene

“…and Cryptococcus spp. -, besides antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, schistosomicidal, antiedematogenic and antiulcerogenic ones (Hillen et al, 2012;Nascimento et al, 2007;Silvério et al, 2013;Santos et al, 2015;Sousa et al, 2008a;Almeida et al, 2012;Keles et al, 2010). However, anticaries, antimycobacterial and antileishmanial activities of EOs from E. erythropappus have not been investigated yet.…”