In vitro Evaluation of Potential Calcium Phosphate Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering

Abstract

Nanocrystalline calcium phosphates are very interesting candidates as scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. These materials show excellent in vivo biocompatibility, cell proliferation, and resorption. In this work we have studied the osteoblast-like cell behavior seeded onto HA and BCP synthesized by controlled crystallization method and treated at different temperatures. In vitro cell attachment, proliferation, differentiation, spreading, and cytotoxicity tests have been carried out. The results can be explained as a function of the phase composition and microstructure. Under in vitro closed conditions, nanocrystalline HA depletes the calcium of the medium avoiding cell proliferation, whereas well-crystallized HA enhances high cell proliferation. On the other hand, nanocrystalline BCPs supply Ca(2+) to the medium due to the higher solubility of the beta-TCP component, allowing an excellent in vitro cellular response when osteoblast-like cells are seeded on it. These features make BCPs excellent candidates as scaffolds for bone tissue engineering.

Analysis of solvent induced porous PMMA–Bioglass monoliths by the phase separation method – mechanical and in vitro biocompatible studies

“…6 This apatite phase contains 4 to 8% weight of carbonate, properly described as dahllite. 6,7 The mineral composition varies with age and is always calcium deficient with phosphate and carbonate ions in the crystal lattice. The formula Ca 8.3 (PO 4 ) 4.3 (CO) 3x (HPO 4 ) y (OH) 0.3 represents the average composition of bone, where y decreases and x increases with age, while the sum x + y remains constant and equal to 1.7.…”

Label-free magnetic resonance imaging to locate live cells in three-dimensional porous scaffolds

“…We regarded this as a relevant question taking into account the variety of porous scaffolds with different pore-size architectures described in the literature. To address this issue, we used porous ceramic materials widely tested for tissue engineering purposes [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]52,59]. In SFF-designed ceramic scaffolds, with a pore size of 100 mm (figure 5), we were not only able to observe porous structure but also to locate cells as high signal intensity in the porous spaces, in both two-dimensional and three-dimensional assays.…”

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“…All previously mentioned clearly indicates that for the purposes of tissue engineering, calcium orthophosphate bioceramics plays an auxiliary role; namely, it acts as a suitable material to manufacture the appropriate 3D templates, substrates or scaffolds to be colonized by living cells before the successive implantation [761,762]. The in vitro evaluation of potential calcium orthophosphate scaffolds for tissue engineering has been described elsewhere [763], while the data on the mechanical properties of calcium orthophosphate bioceramics for use in tissue engineering are also available [764,765]. The effect of a HA-based biomaterial on gene expression in osteoblast-like cells was reported as well [766].…”