In vitro evaluation of phytochemical loaded electrospun gelatin nanofibers for application in bone and cartilage tissue engineering

Abstract

Wattakaka volubilis, a medicinal plant, is known to exhibit various potential health benefits and has traditionally been used in Ayurveda for various medicinal applications. In the present study, phytochemicals hexadecanoic acid, octadecanoic acid and N,N-Diisopropyl(2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropyl)amine isolated from W. volubilis leaf extract were co-electrospun with gelatin nanofibers for meniscus and osteoblast cell attachment and proliferation. The electrospun nanofibers were characterized using suitable techniques such as a scanning electron microscope and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The mechanical property of electrospun gelatin nanofibers and phytochemicals incorporated gelatin nanofibers were tensile tested. Both the control and phytochemical loaded nanofiber exhibited a similar stress–strain trend. The average diameter of the control and phytocompound loaded gelatin nanofiber was found to be 300 ± 5.5 nm and 483 ± 12 nm, respectively. The rate of biodegradation of the control and phytochemical loaded nanofiber was analyzed in a simulated body fluid. The cell attachment and proliferation were monitored using a fluorescence microscope after appropriate staining. The cell viability, DNA content, extracellular secretion confirmed that the phytocompound loaded gelatin nanofibers were non-toxic and enhanced the meniscus and osteoblast cell growth and proliferation. This phytocompound loaded gelatin matrix may be used as a potential scaffold for cartilage and bone tissue engineering applications.

Electrospun Nanofibers for Tissue Engineering with Drug Loading and Release

“…Furthermore, the ECM can bind, release, and activate signaling molecules and can also modulate the cell’s reaction to soluble factors [11]. In order to functionalize the scaffolds for the promotion of cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation, nanofibers of the scaffold can be loaded with many bioactive substances, such as proteins, peptides, and small-molecule drugs [12,13,14,15,16,17,18]. Therefore, electrospun scaffolds have remarkable advantages in both ECM-biomimetic structures and the loading of bioactive substances.…”

Development of A Decellularized Meniscus Matrix-Based Nanofibrous Scaffold for Meniscus Tissue Engineering

“…In addition, laboratory-based studies have developed regenerative scaffolds that utilize decellularized meniscus ECM. Examples include using the whole piece of lyophilized tissue directly as a graft [15][16][17], reconstituting pulverized tissue into porous or hydrogel constructs [18][19][20], 3D printing with ECM-based bioinks [21][22][23][24][25], electrospinning from solutions containing natural structural proteins similar to those present in the meniscus ECM [26][27][28], or a combination of the above strategies [29,30]. Many of the studies have demonstrated improved meniscus cell or stem cell viability, infiltration, and neo-matrix deposition over time.…”

“…Researchers have recently spun natural materials such as gelatin, collagen, and ECM together with synthetic polymers to produce biomimetic scaffolds for repair and regeneration [26,27,[31][32][33][34]. These scaffolds are biocompatible and show enhanced cell adhesion and proliferation compared to their purely synthetic counterparts, possibly due to enhanced hydrophilicity and bioactivity of the scaffolds.…”

“…Electrospinning is an advanced fabrication technique widely used to produce scaffolding materials that possess a nanofibrous structure comparable to the ECM of fibrous connective tissues. Researchers have recently spun natural materials such as gelatin, collagen, and ECM together with synthetic polymers to produce biomimetic scaffolds for repair and regeneration [26, 27, 31–34]. These scaffolds are biocompatible and show enhanced cell adhesion and proliferation compared to their purely synthetic counterparts, possibly due to enhanced hydrophilicity and bioactivity of the scaffolds.…”

Structural Design, Fabrication and Evaluation of Resorbable Fiber-Based Tissue Engineering Scaffolds

“…Furthermore, the addition of cellular components to the electrospinning solution has also been described. Venugopal et al [125] reported preparing an electrospun scaffold from a blend of gelatin and phytochemical components, such as hexadecanoic acid (HDA), octadecanoic acid (ODA) and © 2019 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen.…”