<i>In vitro</i> evaluation of chitosan copper chelate gels as a multimicronutrient feed additive for cattle

Duffy, Ciara; O’Riordan, Dolores; O’Sullivan, M.; Jacquier, Jean-Christophe

doi:10.1002/jsfa.8939

Cited by 18 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 36 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Following restricted rehydration in simulated rumen fluid, they exhibited sustained release of riboflavin without releasing Cu in these neutral conditions for up to 24 h, demonstrating Cu rumen bypass. A sustained release of the mineral was observed in abomasal conditions of pH 2 over a 3 h period suggesting that this formulation could supply nutritionally relevant levels of the free mineral in these conditions, as required for effective supplementation in cattle [290].…”

Section: Veterinary Nanoscale Nutraceuticals and Dietary Supplementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential of Nanomaterial Applications in Dietary Supplements and Foods for Special Medical Purposes

2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Dietary supplements and foods for special medical purposes are special medical products classified according to the legal basis. They are regulated, for example, by the European Food Safety Authority and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, as well as by various national regulations issued most frequently by the Ministry of Health and/or the Ministry of Agriculture of particular countries around the world. They constitute a concentrated source of vitamins, minerals, polyunsaturated fatty acids and antioxidants or other compounds with a nutritional or physiological effect contained in the food/feed, alone or in combination, intended for direct consumption in small measured amounts. As nanotechnology provides “a new dimension” accompanied with new or modified properties conferred to many current materials, it is widely used for the production of a new generation of drug formulations, and it is also used in the food industry and even in various types of nutritional supplements. These nanoformulations of supplements are being prepared especially with the purpose to improve bioavailability, protect active ingredients against degradation, or reduce side effects. This contribution comprehensively summarizes the current state of the research focused on nanoformulated human and veterinary dietary supplements, nutraceuticals, and functional foods for special medical purposes, their particular applications in various food products and drinks as well as the most important related guidelines, regulations and directives.

show abstract

Section: Veterinary Nanoscale Nutraceuticals and Dietary Supplementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential of Nanomaterial Applications in Dietary Supplements and Foods for Special Medical Purposes

2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Several gigatons of crustacean shell are produced annually and the extraction of chitin (10 6 –10 7 tons), chitosan, and protein from this waste has added value [31,32]. It has antimicrobial properties against bacteria, filamentous fungi, and yeast, and even has virus, anti-inflammatory, antitumor activity, antioxidative activity, anticholesterolemic, hemostatic, and analgesic effects [33,34]. The application of chitosan either alone or blended with other natural polymers can be done in several ways such as silage inoculants, food processing, food preservation, textile, biotechnology, water treatment, pharmaceutical, tissue engineering, and the cosmetics industry [35,36].…”

Section: Chitosanmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Chitosan as a Possible Agent for Enteric Methane Mitigation in Ruminants

Jiménez-Ocampo

Valencia-Salazar

Pinzón-Díaz³

et al. 2019

Animals

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Simple SummaryRuminant husbandry is one the largest contributors to greenhouse gas emissions from the agriculture sector, particularly of methane gas, which is a byproduct of the anaerobic fermentation of structural and non-structural carbohydrates in the rumen. Increasing the efficiency of production systems and decreasing its environmental burden is a global commitment, thus methane mitigation is a strategy in which to reach these goals by rechanneling metabolic hydrogen (H2) into volatile fatty acids (VFA) to reduce the loss of energy as methane in the rumen, which ranges from 2% (grain rations) to 12% (poor-quality forage rations) of gross energy intake. A strategy to achieve that goal may be through the manipulation of rumen fermentation with natural compounds such as chitosan. In this review, we describe the effects of chitosan on feed intake and rumen fermentation, and present some results on methanogenesis. The main compounds with antimethanogenic properties are the secondary metabolites, which are generally classified into five main groups: saponins, tannins, essential oils, organosulfurized compounds, and flavonoids. Novel compounds of interest include chitosan obtained by the deacetylation of chitin, with beneficial properties such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, non-toxicity, and chelation of metal ions. This compound has shown its potential to modify the rumen microbiome, improve nitrogen (N) metabolism, and mitigate enteric methane (CH4) under some circumstances. Further evaluations in vivo are necessary at different doses in ruminant species as well as the economic evaluation of its incorporation in practical rations.AbstractLivestock production is a main source of anthropogenic greenhouse gases (GHG). The main gases are CH4 with a global warming potential (GWP) 25 times and nitrous oxide (N2O) with a GWP 298 times, that of carbon dioxide (CO2) arising from enteric fermentation or from manure management, respectively. In fact, CH4 is the second most important GHG emitted globally. This current scenario has increased the concerns about global warming and encouraged the development of intensive research on different natural compounds to be used as feed additives in ruminant rations and modify the rumen ecosystem, fermentation pattern, and mitigate enteric CH4. The compounds most studied are the secondary metabolites of plants, which include a vast array of chemical substances like polyphenols and saponins that are present in plant tissues of different species, but the results are not consistent, and the extraction cost has constrained their utilization in practical animal feeding. Other new compounds of interest include polysaccharide biopolymers such as chitosan, mainly obtained as a marine co-product. As with other compounds, the effect of chitosan on the rumen microbial population depends on the source, purity, dose, process of extraction, and storage. In addition, it is important to identify compounds without adverse effects on rumen fermentation. The present review is aimed at providing in...

show abstract

“…Chitosan is the collective name for a group of the partially or fully deacetylated biopolymer chitin, composed of two repeated units of D-glucosamine and N-acetyl-Dglucosamine, linked by β-(1→4)-linkages. It has antimicrobial properties against Grampositive bacteria and, to a lesser extent, against Gram-negative bacteria, filamentous fungi, yeast, and even viruses [11,12]. The antimicrobial mechanism has not been fully described; it is assumed that it includes different mechanisms with electrostatic interactions or divalent cations, replacement of magnesium and calcium ions at the cell surface, destabilization of the cell membrane, inhibition of mRNA, and protein synthesis in cell nuclei, and death of microorganisms [13,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Chitosan and Naringin on Enteric Methane Emissions in Crossbred Heifers Fed Tropical Grass

Jiménez-Ocampo

Montoya-Flores²,

Herrera-Torres³

et al. 2021

Animals

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In order to meet consumer needs, the livestock industry is increasingly seeking natural feed additives with the ability to improve the efficiency of nutrient utilization, alternatives to antibiotics, and mitigate methane emissions in ruminants. Chitosan (CHI) is a polysaccharide with antimicrobial capability against protozoa and Gram-positive and -negative bacteria, fungi, and yeasts while naringin (NA) is a flavonoid with antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. First, an in vitro gas production experiment was performed adding 0, 1.5, 3.0 g/kg of CHI and NA under a completely randomized design. The substrate containing forage and concentrate in a 70:30 ratio on a dry matter (DM) basis. Compounds increased the concentration of propionic acid, and a significant reduction in methane production was observed with the inclusion of CHI at 1.5 g/kg in in vitro experiments (p < 0.001). In a dry matter rumen degradability study for 96 h, there were no differences in potential and effective degradability. In the in vivo study, six crossbred heifers fitted with rumen cannulas were assigned to a 6 × 6 Latin square design according to the following treatments: control (CTL), no additive; chitosan (CHI1, 1.5 g/kg DMI); (CHI2, 3.0 g/kg DMI); naringin (NA1, 1.5 g/kg DMI); (NA2, 3.0 g/kg DMI) and a mixture of CHI and NA (1.5 + 1.5 g/kg DMI) given directly through the rumen cannula. Additives did not affect rumen fermentation (p > 0.05), DM intake and digestibility of (p > 0.05), and enteric methane emissions (p > 0.05). CHI at a concentration of 1.5 g/kg DM in in vitro experiments had a positive effect on fermentation pattern increasing propionate and reduced methane production. In contrast, in the in vivo studies, there was not a positive effect on rumen fermentation, nor in enteric methane production in crossbred heifers fed a basal ration of tropical grass.

show abstract

In vitro evaluation of chitosan copper chelate gels as a multimicronutrient feed additive for cattle

Cited by 18 publications

References 36 publications

Potential of Nanomaterial Applications in Dietary Supplements and Foods for Special Medical Purposes

Potential of Nanomaterial Applications in Dietary Supplements and Foods for Special Medical Purposes

The Role of Chitosan as a Possible Agent for Enteric Methane Mitigation in Ruminants

Effect of Chitosan and Naringin on Enteric Methane Emissions in Crossbred Heifers Fed Tropical Grass

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About