In vitro evaluation of barium titanate nanoparticle/alginate 3D scaffold for osteogenic human stem cell differentiation

Abstract

Nanomaterials can mimic properties of extracellular matrix molecules, promising great potential for scaffold composition in tissue engineering. In the present study, we investigated whether barium titanate nanoparticles (BT NP) combined with alginate polymer would provide a new cytocompatible three-dimensional (3D) scaffold to induce osteogenic stem cell differentiation. In vitro cytocompatibility and osteogenic differentiation potential were investigated using human mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). Firstly, we studied the cell viability and oxidative stress by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) assays. Overall, neither pure BT NP or BT NP/alginate 3D scaffold induced cytotoxicity. The scanning electron and atomic force microscopy revealed that BT NP/alginate 3D scaffold produced exhibited highly interconnected pores and surface nanotopography that were favorable for MSC differentiation. Von Kossa staining showed mineralization nodules and MSCs morphology changed from spindle to cuboid shape after 21 d. Finally, BMP-2 and ALP mRNA were significantly upregulated on cells grown into the BT NP/alginate 3D scaffold. Thus, the BT NP/alginate 3D scaffold showed an osteogenic differentiation induction potential, without the addition of osteogenic supplements. These results indicate that the BT NP/alginate 3D scaffold provides a cytocompatible and bioactive microenvironment for osteogenic human MSC differentiation.

Barium Titanate Nanoparticles Exhibit Cytocompatibility in Cultured Bovine Fibroblasts: A Model for Dermal Exposure

“…Similar findings were reported by Amaral et al [12] who did not detect any changes in the morphology of human mesenchymal stem cells in vitro exposed to BaTiO3 NPs. However, several nanomaterials induce cellular toxicity through the generation of reactive oxygen species, which can impact the dynamics of microtubules, thereby modifying cell morphology [39,40].…”

“…Barium titanate nanoparticles (BaTiO3 NPs) are perovskite bioceramic materials and have been considered emerging nanomaterials due to their ferroelectricity and piezoelectric properties [3,6]. Notably, recent reports suggest that BaTiO3 NPs could be used in a wide range of applications including imaging diagnostics [7,8,] neural stimulation networks [9], drug nanocarriers [10], tissue engineering [11,12], and agribusiness [13].…”

Cytocompatibility of carboxylated multi-wall carbon nanotubes in stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth

“…Optical microscopy observation was first used to evaluate the cell morphology and the cell spreading area in monolayer culture. Figures 3-5 show the results of the cell morphology analysis after MWCNT exposure for 24, 48 and 72 h. We verified that SHED cells grew in adherent monolayer and displayed their fibroblast-like typical morphology and elongated and fusiform shape, or sometimes a triangular, flattened starry form [62]. On the other hand, rat bone marrow stem cells exposed to pristine MWCNTs for the same periods presented an apoptotic morphology [18].…”

Recent Advances in Enhancement Strategies for Osteogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Bone Tissue Engineering

“…The commonly used nanomaterials in bone tissue engineering include metals and their derivatives, bioactive ceramics, carbon nanomaterials and polymers ( Ye et al, 2020 ). For example, Las Amaral et al (2019) designed a barium titanate nanoparticle/alginate scaffold that exhibited highly interconnected pores and surface nanotopography. The osteogenic differentiation of human DPSCs seeded on it was enhanced, as indicated by upregulated gene expression of BMP-2 and ALP.…”