In VitroEffects of Two Topical Varnish Materials and Er:YAG Laser Irradiation on Enamel Demineralization around Orthodontic Brackets

Abstract

The aim of this in vitro was to evaluate the effects of tricalcium phosphate (TCP) and amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) containing varnish materials and Er:YAG laser irradiation on enamel demineralization around orthodontic brackets. Forty extracted human premolar teeth were randomly divided into four treatment groups (i.e., 10 in each group): (1) 5% NaF-ACP varnish, (2) 5% NaF-TCP varnish, (3) Er:YAG laser, and (4) control (no treatment). Er:YAG laser was operated at a wavelength of 2.94 μm and the energy output was 80 mJ per pulse; a pulse duration of 200 μsec and and a frequency of 2 Hz were used with water cooling. All samples were then put into pH cycles. Surface microhardness values and representative SEM images were assessed. Surface microhardness values were evaluated using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests. The results revealed that demineralization was significantly lower in the TCP and ACP varnish groups, whereas mean surface microhardness values of the TCP varnish were found higher than the ACP (P < 0.05). TCP and ACP varnish materials were found effective for reducing enamel demineralization around orthodontic brackets. Use of Er:YAG laser irradiation as described in this study for inhibition of demineralization was found not satisfactory.

Decalcification prevention around orthodontic brackets bonded to bleached enamel using different topical agents

“…The results of present study also revealed that both Profluorid varnish and Enamel ProVarnish had moderate effects among the studied materials in preventing the demineralization around the brackets. These findings are in agreement with those of Nalbantgil et al, Vivaldi- Rodriques et al, Ulkur et al, and Farhadian et al, [ 10 , 24 , 25 , 30 ]. Furthermore, no significant difference was found between the two varnishes although they have a different mechanism of action.…”

“…These findings are in agreement with those of Nalbantgil et al, Vivaldi- Rodriques et al, Ulkur et al, and Farhadian et al, [10, 24, 25, 30]. Furthermore, no significant difference was found between the two varnishes although they have a different mechanism of action.…”

The Effect of Combined Treatment by Laser and Fluoride on the Acid Resistance of Enamel in Primary Teeth (In-Vitro Study)

“…Cochrane et al, (35) found that Enamel pro varnish releases calcium, fluoride and significant levels of inorganic phosphate making them readily available for uptake by tooth enamel. Our study results are following Ulkur et al, (36) who tested fluoride varnishes containing calcium phosphates and proved their efficiency against demineralization compared to Er: YAG laser irradiation alone.…”

Efficacy of resin-modified glass ionomer cement varnish in the prevention of white spot lesions during comprehensive orthodontic treatment: a split-mouth study

“…These varnishes adhere to the tooth surface in a thin layer and release fluoride for a long time (Todd et al, 1999;Gorton and Featherstone, 2003), providing a safe and effective method of caries prevention (Beltran-Aguilar et al, 2000). There are many in vitro and in vivo reports in the literature claiming that fluoride varnishes are efficient in the prevention and reduction in depth of WSLs (Ogaard et al, 1996;Todd et al, 1999;Schmit et al, 2002;Buren et al, 2008;Farhadian et al, 2008;Benham et al, 2009;Ferreira et al, 2009;Du et al, 2012;Knösel et al, 2012;Ballard et al, 2013;Chen et al, 2013;Melo et al, 2014;Pithon et al, 2014;Ulkur et al, 2014). Recently, a systematic review has reported that fluoride varnishes have only moderate efficacy in preventing enamel demineralization during comprehensive orthodontic treatment (Benson et al, 2013).…”