<i>In Vitro</i>
            Effect of 5-Nitroimidazole Drugs against Trichomonas vaginalis Clinical Isolates

Mtshali, Andile; Ngcapu, Sinaye; Govender, Kavitha; Sturm, A. Willem; Moodley, Prashini; Joubert, Bronwyn

doi:10.1128/spectrum.00912-22

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(39 reference statements)

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“…Nevertheless, metronidazole resistance is estimated in 4–17% of clinical isolates [ 17 ]. These drugs belong to the same chemical family (5-nitroimidazoles) and therefore have the same mode of action, making cross-resistance possible [ 18 ]. Antimicrobial resistance has arisen as one of the main challenges we face nowadays, as alerted by international organizations such as the WHO and UN [ 19 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on the Trends of Trichomonas vaginalis Infection in a Tertiary Hospital of Madrid, Spain

Bolumburu,

Zamora,

Muñoz-Algarra

et al. 2024

Microorganisms

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More than one million sexually transmitted infections (STIs) occur every day, and Trichomonas vaginalis is responsible for more than 156 million cases each year worldwide. Nevertheless, epidemiological studies of this parasite in Europe are scarce. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact that the COVID-19 pandemic may have had in the diagnosis and epidemiology of trichomoniasis. All available data from January 2018 to December 2021 for T. vaginalis isolation on gynecologic patients attending a Spanish Tertiary Hospital were analyzed. Pre-pandemic results (2018–2019) were compared to pandemic results (2020–2021). The pre-pandemic T. vaginalis prevalence in women was 1.15% (95% Confidence Interval, CI: 0.94–1.41), and significantly decreased in 2020–2021 (0.77%, 95% CI: 0.57–1.03; p = 0.025). Demographic nor clinical characteristics of women diagnosed with trichomoniasis did not statistically differ between the periods, although an increase in chlamydia co-infected patients was observed in the latest (from 8% in 2018–2019 to 19% in 2020–2021). This study has detected a decrease in the diagnosis of trichomoniasis; however, this is probably due to the increase in the healthcare pressure triggered by the pandemic. More than 75% of the cases diagnosed in 2021 occurred in the second half, which suggests that special attention should be given to the evolution in the coming years once normality has been restored in hospitals. Moreover, these results warn of the lack of routine diagnosis of trichomoniasis during pregnancy and the absence of specific protocols for possible co-infections, which could become a strategy to reduce the growing trend of STIs, including T. vaginalis detection, as an interesting marker of sexual risk behaviors.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on the Trends of Trichomonas vaginalis Infection in a Tertiary Hospital of Madrid, Spain

Bolumburu,

Zamora,

Muñoz-Algarra

et al. 2024

Microorganisms

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“…Trichomoniasis is currently treated with nitroimidazoles, mainly metronidazole, tinidazole, and secnidazole, which are approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA/USA) [7]. Although these are low-cost drugs and most cases are curable, approximately 2.0 to 28% are caused by drug-resistant T. vaginalis isolates, which contributes to therapy failures [8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Wet Mount to Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques: Current Diagnostic Methods and Future Perspectives Based on Patenting of New Assays, Stains, and Diagnostic Images for Trichomonas vaginalis Detection

Cardoso,

Freitas,

Tasca

et al. 2024

Venereology

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Trichomoniasis is the most common non-viral sexually transmitted infection (STI) in the world. The estimated global prevalence in 2016 was 156 million adults aged 15–49. However, these data are underestimated, since the most used diagnostic method is the wet mount, which has low sensitivity, the information regarding the estimated duration of infection is limited and there is evidence of undiagnosed asymptomatic cases in both sexes. Currently 80% of cases—including both sexes—are asymptomatic, which makes the disease silent and chronic in course, leading to complications. The aim of this review was to discuss the diagnostic methods for T. vaginalis detection that are currently available and applicable in the clinical laboratory routine. Overall, nucleic acid amplification techniques are the best option for T. vaginalis detection, with higher sensitivity and specificity than other tests. Although these techniques present higher cost, their implementation should be supported to ensure correct trichomoniasis diagnosis and treatment beyond contributing to questions on epidemiology and control.

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“…MTZ-resistant isolates have been reported worldwide, with the prevalence ranging from 2.2% to 9.6% across different regions [ 9 – 15 ]. The emergence of TDZ resistance has also been observed, with a reported frequency of 2.0% among the general population of South Africa [ 16 ]. Given the lack of clarity regarding the resistance mechanism and the absence of improved therapeutic options, microbiological surveillance through antimicrobial susceptibility testing is crucial for monitoring the spread of drug resistance and assessing the risk of treatment failure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A fluorescence-based assay for Trichomonas vaginalis drug screening

Chen,

Li,

Wang

et al. 2023

Parasites Vectors

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Background The emergence and spread of drug resistance in Trichomonas vaginalis parasites has become an important concern in trichomoniasis treatment. Fast and reliable growth assessment is critical for validating in vitro drug susceptibility and high-throughput screening of newly developed drugs. Methods Modified media without yeast extract were evaluated for their ability to support the growth of T. vaginalis parasites. The potential of the nucleic acid-binding dye SYBR Green I for detecting T. vaginalis drug resistance was characterized, and seeding parasite concentration and incubation time were optimized. The fluorescence assay based on SYBR Green I was further validated in four T. vaginalis isolates with different susceptibilities to the antibiotics metronidazole, tinidazole, ornidazole and secnidazole, and compared with the traditional method that detects minimum lethal concentrations (MLCs). Results A modified medium consisting of RPMI 1640 and Tryptone Plus as replacements for yeast extract and tryptone, respectively, in traditional trypticase-yeast extract-maltose (TYM) medium exhibited similar performance as TYM medium in maintaining T. vaginalis growth, while it showed much lower background fluorescent signals. The T. vaginalis SYBR Green I-based fluorescence (TSF) drug assay was found to have to satisfy one of two conditions to demonstrate the 50% inhibitory concentration of metronidazole for the sensitive isolate TV-334: (i) a seeding density of 3 × 104 parasites/ml and an incubation time of 48 h; or (ii) a seeding density of 1 × 104 parasites/ml and an incubation time of 72 h. Subsequent validation experiments revealed that the 48-h incubation/3 × 104 parasites/ml seeding density condition had a greater sensitivity to detect drug resistance than the 72-h condition. The TSF assay also exhibited high efficiency in identifying parasite drug resistance, as evidenced by its strong correlation with the standard MLC assay results (P = 0.003). Conclusions This study presents a robust TSF assay that has the potential to facilitate high-throughput, automated in vitro anti-trichomoniasis susceptibility testing for drug resistance monitoring and drug development. In comparison to the standard MLC method, this assay offers the advantages of reduced labor and elimination of subjective examination. Graphical Abstract

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In Vitro Effect of 5-Nitroimidazole Drugs against Trichomonas vaginalis Clinical Isolates

Cited by 10 publications

References 27 publications

Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on the Trends of Trichomonas vaginalis Infection in a Tertiary Hospital of Madrid, Spain

Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on the Trends of Trichomonas vaginalis Infection in a Tertiary Hospital of Madrid, Spain

From Wet Mount to Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques: Current Diagnostic Methods and Future Perspectives Based on Patenting of New Assays, Stains, and Diagnostic Images for Trichomonas vaginalis Detection

A fluorescence-based assay for Trichomonas vaginalis drug screening

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