<i>In vitro</i>Control of Embryonic Axis Formation by Activin A, Concanavalin A, and Retinoic Acid in Xenopus laevis

Moriya, Naomi; Yokota, Chika; Ariizumi, Takashi; Asashima, Makoto

doi:10.2108/zsj.15.879

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…The explants cultured for 10 days were examined histologically using light and electron microscopy as previously described (Moriya et al 2000). Expression of molecular markers in the explants cultured for 3 days was also analyzed as previously described ( Moriya et al 1998 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Xenopus laevis eggs were obtained as described previously (Moriya et al 1998). Human recombinant activin A (Ajinomoto Co. Inc., Kawasaki, Japan) was diluted with Steinberg's solution containing 0.1% bovine serum albumin (BSA-SS) at a concentration of 100 ng/mL.…”

Section: Preparation Of Embryos and Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Retinoic acid regulates embryonic patterning along the anteroposterior axis (Durston et al 1989;Ruiz i Altaba & Jessell 1991a,b;Lopez & Carrasco 1992;Moriya et al 1993Moriya et al , 1998. Recently, we have reported that Xenopus dorsal lip cells treated with retinoic acid differentiate into pancreas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In vitro pancreas formation from Xenopus ectoderm treated with activin and retinoic acid

et al. 2000

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In the present study, isolated presumptive ectoderm from Xenopus blastula was treated with activin and retinoic acid to induce differentiation into pancreas. The presumptive ectoderm region of the blastula consists of undifferentiated cells and is fated to become epidermis and neural tissue in normal development. When the region is isolated and cultured in vitro, it develops into atypical epidermis. Isolated presumptive ectoderm was treated with activin and retinoic acid. The ectoderm frequently differentiated into pancreas-like structures accompanied by an intestinal epithelium-like structure. Sections of the explants viewed using light and electron microscopy showed some cells clustered and forming an acinus-like structure, including secretory granules. The pancreas-specific molecular markers insulin and XIHbox8 were also expressed in the treated explants. The pancreatic hormones, insulin and glucagon, were detected in the explants using immunohistochemistry. Therefore, sequential treatment with activin and retinoic acid can induce presumptive ectoderm to differentiate into a morphological and functional pancreas in vitro. When ectoderm was immediately treated with retinoic acid after treatment with activin, well-differentiated pronephric tubules were seen in a few of the differentiated pancreases. Treatment with retinoic acid 3-5 h after activin treatment induced frequent pancreatic differentiation. When the time lag was longer than 15h, the explants developed into axial mesoderm and pharynx. The present study provides an effective system for analyzing pancreas differentiation in vertebrate development.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Preparation Of Embryos and Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In vitro pancreas formation from Xenopus ectoderm treated with activin and retinoic acid

et al. 2000

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“…Retinoic acid is also known as a regulatory factor for the embryonic patterning along the antero‐posterior axis ( Durston et al 1989 ; Ruiz i Altaba & Jessell 1991a; Lopez & Carrasco 1992a; Kolm et al 1997 ; Moriya et al 1998 ). Retinoic acid transforms anterior neural tissue to posterior in the Xenopus embryo.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro organogenesis of pancreas in Xenopus laevis dorsal lips treated with retinoic acid

2000

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Dorsal lips of Xenopus laevis may differentiate into pancreas after treatment with retinoic acid in vitro. The dorsal lip region is fated to be dorsal mesoderm and anterior endoderm. Dorsal lip cells isolated from stage 10 early gastrula differentiate into tissues such as notochord, muscle and pharynx. However, in the present study, dorsal lips treated with 10(-4) M retinoic acid for 3 h differentiated into pancreas-like structures accompanied by notochord and thick endodermal epithelium. Sections of the explants showed that some cells gathered and formed an acinus-like structure as observed under microscopes. In addition to the morphological changes, expressions of the pancreas-specific molecular markers, XIHbox8 and insulin, were induced in retinoic acid-treated dorsal lip explants. Therefore, it is suggested that retinoic acid may induce the dorsal lip cells to differentiate into a functional pancreas. However, continuous treatment with retinoic acid did not induce pancreas differentiation at any concentration. Dorsal lips treated with retinoic acid within 5 h after isolation differentiated into pancreas-like cells, while those treated after 15 h or more did not. The present study provided a suitable test system for analyzing pancreas differentiation in early vertebrate development.

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“…Various cell types have been induced in vitro from undifferentiated cells, including muscle, epidermis, and some internal organs (Moriya et al . 1998, 2000; Asashima et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro induction and transplantation of eye during early Xenopus development

2003

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A vertebrate eye was induced via a series of coordinated inductive interactions. Here, we describe a novel in vitro system to induce eye formation at high frequency using Xenopus early gastrulae. The eye formed in vitro is morphologically similar to the normal eye. When the in vitro eye was transplanted into a stage-33 tadpole, the optic nerve was seen extending from the grafted eye to the tectum of the host brain and the in vitro eye graft was retained after metamorphosis. In addition, we transplanted the eye formed in vitro into a tadpole with both eyes removed. The resultant juvenile frogs could perceive brightness using the grafted eye and thereby control their skin color, suggesting that the eye formed in vitro could function normally.

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In vitroControl of Embryonic Axis Formation by Activin A, Concanavalin A, and Retinoic Acid in Xenopus laevis

Cited by 6 publications

References 51 publications

In vitro pancreas formation from Xenopus ectoderm treated with activin and retinoic acid

In vitro pancreas formation from Xenopus ectoderm treated with activin and retinoic acid

In vitro organogenesis of pancreas in Xenopus laevis dorsal lips treated with retinoic acid

In vitro induction and transplantation of eye during early Xenopus development

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