In vitrocharacterization of chicken bone marrow-derived dendritic cells following infection with very virulent infectious bursal disease virus

Abstract

Infectious bursal disease is caused by infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), an immunosuppressive virus that targets immune cells such as B cells and macrophages. However, the involvement of dendritic cells (DCs) during IBDV infection is not well understood. In this study the in vitro effects of live and inactivated very virulent IBDV (vvIBDV) UPM0081 on bone marrow-derived DCs (BM-DC) were characterized and compared with BM-DC treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Morphologically, BM-DC treated with LPS and vvIBDV showed stellate shape when compared to immature BM-DC. In addition, LPS-treated and both live and inactivated vvIBDV-infected BM-DC expressed high levels of double positive CD86 and major histocompatibility complex class II antigens (>20%). vvIBDV-infected BM-DC showed significantly higher numbers of apoptotic cells compared to LPS. Replication of vvIBDV was detected in the infected BM-DC as evidenced by the increased expression of VP3 and VP4 IBDV antigens based on flow cytometry, real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescence tests. Levels of different immune-related genes such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β), CXCLi2 (IL-8), IL-18, interferon gamma (IFN-γ, IL-12α, CCR7 and Toll-like receptor-3 (TLR3) were measured after LPS and vvIBDV treatments. However, marked differences were noticed in the onset and intensity of the gene expression between these two treatment groups. LPS was far more potent than live and inactivated vvIBDV in inducing the expression of IL-1β, IL-18 and CCR7 while expression of Th1-like cytokines, IFN-γ and IL-12α were significantly increased in the live vvIBDV treatment group. Meanwhile, the expression of TLR3 was increased in live vvIBDV-infected BM-DC as compared to control. Inactivated vvIBDV-treated BM-DC failed to stimulate IFN-γ, IL-12α and TLR3 expressions. This study suggested that BM-DC may serve as another target cells during IBDV infection which require further confirmation via in vivo studies.

Effects of Dietary Supplementation with Red Algae Powder (Chondrus crispus) on Growth Performance, Carcass Traits, Lymphoid Organ Weights and Intestinal pH in Broilers

“…Usually, a high size of this organ means more immunological activity, taking into account that both lymphoid organs involute at early ages (Liang et al, 2015;Yasmin et al, 2015).…”

Interaction of infectious bursal disease virus with the immune system of poultry

“…DCs are a vital protagonist in the initiation of the primary immune responses by increasing proliferation of naïve T cells, differentiation to memory cells (Yasmin et al, 2015) and can direct the T cell response (Juul-Madsen et al, 2014 (Yasmin et al, 2015). In another study by Liang et al (2015) compared the effect of LPS, inactivated IBDV and IBDV on activation and maturation of chBM-DCs.…”

“…Variation in the expression of the cytokines had been noted in IBDV infection depending on the cells, virus type, age, and different tissues (He et al, 2011;Li et al, 2013a;Lee et al, 2015b;Yasmin et al, 2015). IBDV infection in chicken promotes the expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, Th1 cytokines, iNOS and MHC class I in HD11 cells in vitro (Rasoli et al, 2015) and upregulate chicken IL-12 and IL-18 in HD11 cells infected with IBDV (Khatri et al, 2005;Lee et al, 2015b).…”

“…IgM is the main antibody that is produced in the serum during the primary immune response (Maroufyan et al, 2012). During lysis, inhibition of proliferation and induction of the apoptosis causes the depletion of B lymphocytes (Rodriguez-Lecompte et al, 2005).B cells are the main players in the humoral immune system and their depletion leads to the immunosuppression, increasing the birds susceptibility to secondary infections (Yasmin et al, 2015) and poor vaccine titres to other diseases (Ciccone et al, 2014). IBDV do not have a significant effect on the humoral response in birds having the different genetic backgrounds (Aricibasi et al, 2010) and age (Rautenschlein et al, 2007).…”

Immunomodulation of Avian Dendritic Cells under the Induction of Prebiotics

“…For contact with antigens, it is necessary for DCs to be directly located in almost all tissues of the chicken body, including mucosal surfaces, interstitial tissues, skin epidermis, peripheral blood, and non-lymphoid tissue, but the lymphatic tissue is crucial for DC migration and antigen-presenting functions [18]. In recent years, there have been increased numbers of in vitro studies using chicken DCs treated with viral diseases such as infectious bursal disease [19,20], Newcastle disease [21], and avian influenza [22], or with bacterial diseases like Salmonella [23,24]. Numerous specific markers have been described for in vitro characterization of chicken DCs.…”