<i>In vitro</i> biocompatibility of polyetheretherketone and polysulfone composites

Wenz, L.M.; Merritt, Katharine; Brown, Stanley A.; Moet, A.; Steffee, Arthur D.

doi:10.1002/jbm.820240207

Cited by 241 publications

(128 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…With biocompatible, non-absorbable, and corrosion-resistant abilities, the PEEK cage is thought a safe biomaterial spacer for spine surgery [16]. The modulus of elasticity of PEEK is similar to bone [18]. This distinguishing feature is thought to be able to prevent cage subsidence induced by metallic cages.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) cage filled with cancellous allograft in anterior cervical discectomy and fusion

Liao

Niu

Chen

et al. 2007

International Orthopaedics (SICO

100

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From July 2004 to June 2005, 19 patients with 25 discs underwent anterior cervical discectomy and interbody fusion (ACDF) in which polyetheretherketone (PEEK) cages were filled with freeze-dried cancellous allograft bone. This kind of bone graft was made from femoral condyle that was harvested during total knee arthroplasty. Patient age at surgery was 52.9 (28-68) years. All patients were followed up at least 1 year. We measured the height of the disc and segmental sagittal angulation by pre-operative and post-operative radiographs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) cage filled with cancellous allograft in anterior cervical discectomy and fusion

Liao

Niu

Chen

et al. 2007

International Orthopaedics (SICO

100

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“…6,[11][12][13]29 The biomechanics of changing this polymer from a spacer into a rod, specifically the flexural modulus and fatigue strength, has wellestablished precedents in the orthopedic literature, where PEEK polymers have been used as femoral stems in total hip arthroplasty. 3,4,26,31 Because PEEK's modulus of elasticity is similar to that of bone (approximately 17 GPa), 40 the use of this polymer as part of a pedicle screw/rod construct would offer adequate rigidity for fusion to occur but would not exert the stresses created by a titanium construct. The putative benefit of such a polymer rod in the lumbar spine is immobilization for fusion in the short term, while minimizing the risk of adjacent-segment disease in the long term.…”

Section: Neurosurg Focus / Volume 22 / January 2007mentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexible rods and the case for dynamic stabilization

Highsmith¹,

Tumialán²,

Rodts³

2007

FOC

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✓The widespread use of instrumentation in the lumbar spine has led to high rates of fusion. This has been accompanied by a marked rise in adjacent-segment disease, which is considered to be an increasingly common and significant consequence of lumbar or lumbosacral fusion. Numerous biomechanical studies have demonstrated that segments fused with rigid metallic fixation lead to significant amounts of supraphysiological stress on adjacent discs and facets. The resultant disc degeneration and/or stenosis may require further surgical intervention and extension of the fusion to address symptomatic adjacent-segment disease. Recently, dynamic stabilization implants and disc arthroplasty have been introduced as an alternative to rigid fixation. The scope of spinal disease that can be treated with this novel technology, however, remains limited, and these treatments may not apply to patients who still require rigid stabilization and arthrodesis. In the spectrum between rigid metallic fixation and motion-preserving arthroplasty is a semirigid type of stabilization in which a construct is used that more closely mirrors the modulus of elasticity of natural bone. After either inter-body or posterolateral arthrodesis is achieved, the fused segments will not generate the same adjacent-level forces believed to be the cause of adjacent-segment disease. Although this form of arthrodesis does not completely prevent adjacent-segment disease, the dynamic component of this stabilization technique may minimize its occurrence. The authors report their initial experience with the use of posterior dynamic stabilization in which polyetheretherketone rods were used for a posterior construct. The biomechanics of dynamic stabilization are discussed, clinical indications are reviewed, and case studies for its application are presented.

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“…In its natural form, the Young's modulus of PEEK is around 3.6 GPa, while the Young's modulus of CFR-PEEK is around 18 GPas [5] which is near that of cortical bone [4], [6]. Subsequently, it has been proposed that PEEK could display less stress-shielding effects when compared to conventionally applied dental and orthopedic implant materials such as titanium, demonstrating a much higher Young's modulus of 116 GPa [7]. Moreover, PEEK shows great biocompatibility in vitro and in vivo, causing neither toxic or mutagenic effects nor clinically significant inflammation [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Subsequently, it has been proposed that PEEK could display less stress-shielding effects when compared to conventionally applied dental and orthopedic implant materials such as titanium, demonstrating a much higher Young's modulus of 116 GPa [7]. Moreover, PEEK shows great biocompatibility in vitro and in vivo, causing neither toxic or mutagenic effects nor clinically significant inflammation [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12]. However, PEEK is biologically inert [13], [14], which has constrained its potential applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functionalization of polyethetherketone for application in dentistry and orthopedics

et al. 2017

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Abstract:Since late 1990s, polyetheretherketone (PEEK) has presented a promising polymeric alternative to metal implant components, particularly in orthopedic and traumatic applications. However, PEEK is biologically inert, which has constrained its potential applications. In this manner, enhancing the bioactivity of PEEK is a huge challenge that must be comprehended to completely understand the potential advantages. Up to now, two noteworthy methodologies are discussed to enhance the bioactivity of PEEK, including bulk and surface modification. Although the latter is extremely challenging due to the very high physical and chemical stability of the high performance polymer, there are some stated modification reactions in the literature, which will be collocated with in the literature-reported PEEK composites in the present article. We will furthermore add information on polymer-based drug delivery systems and the biofunctionalization of polymers in general and discuss their applicability for PEEK, as we estimate that these strategies will gain greater attention in the future. At the end of the article, our own research on the development of a PEEK-associated biodegradable drug-delivery system with potential application in dentistry or orthopedics will be highlighted.

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In vitro biocompatibility of polyetheretherketone and polysulfone composites

Cited by 241 publications

References 7 publications

Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) cage filled with cancellous allograft in anterior cervical discectomy and fusion

Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) cage filled with cancellous allograft in anterior cervical discectomy and fusion

Flexible rods and the case for dynamic stabilization

Functionalization of polyethetherketone for application in dentistry and orthopedics

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