In VitroBehavior of Human Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cells on Poly(ε-caprolactone) Film for Bone Tissue Engineering Applications

Abstract

Bone tissue engineering is an emerging field, representing one of the most exciting challenges for scientists and clinicians. The possibility of combining mesenchymal stem cells and scaffolds to create engineered tissues has brought attention to a large variety of biomaterials in combination with osteoprogenitor cells able to promote and regenerate bone tissue. Human adipose tissue is officially recognized as an easily accessible source of mesenchymal stem cells (AMSCs), a significant factor for use in tissue regenerative medicine. In this study, we analyze the behavior of a clonal finite cell line derived from human adipose tissue seeded on poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) film, prepared by solvent casting. PCL polymer is chosen for its good biocompatibility, biodegradability, and mechanical properties. We observe that AMSCs are able to adhere to the biomaterial and remain viable for the entire experimental period. Moreover, we show that the proliferation process and osteogenic activity of AMSCs are maintained on the biofilm, demonstrating that the selected biomaterial ensures cell colonization and the development of an extracellular mineralized matrix. The results of this study highlight that AMSCs and PCL film can be used as a suitable model to support regeneration of new bone for future tissue engineering strategies.

Three-dimensional printed polycaprolactone-based scaffolds provide an advantageous environment for osteogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells

“…To the best of our knowledge there is also no basis for the assumption that PCL itself might have osteoinductive or osteoconductive properties. There were no differences in cell proliferation or in the osteogenic differentiation in comparative observations of ADSCs in 2D culture on PCL and standard tissue culture polystyrene (Romagnoli et al ., ). Therefore, we postulate that the architecture of 3D‐printed PCL‐based scaffolds plays a crucial role in the osteogenic stimulation of ADSCs in vitro .…”

Osteogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells in 3D conditions – comparison of spheroids and polystyrene scaffolds

“…The present work studied the effect of 3D culture microenvironments on the osteogenic differentiation of ADSCs. Several studies have already shown the osteoinductive effect of 3D biomaterial scaffold (Gabbay et al, 2006;Lee et al, 2011;Rumiński et al, 2018;Xue et al, 2017) and chitosan-derived spheroids (Cheng et al, 2012;Hsu and Huang, 2013) on ADSCs in vitro. The current study aimed to exclude additional experimental variables, such as integrin activation by culture surface components and signaling by released ions or growth factors, that may affect the differentiation of ADSCs.…”

“…The first studies, including the work by Pittenger, were performed on bone-marrow-derived MSCs (BMSCs). However, shortly after, MSCs were successfully isolated from several human tissues, including adipose tissue (Zuk et al, 2001), umbilical cord blood (Erices et al, 2000;Goodwin et al, 2001) and Wharton's jelly of the umbilical cord (Romanov et al, 2003;Wang et al, 2004). Currently, BMSCs and adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) are recognised as the most well-studied MSC types (Tabatabaei Qomi and Sheykhhasan, 2017).…”

“…Furthermore, both BMSCs and ADSCs demonstrate up-regulated expression of the osteogenic markers ALP, BMP-2, RUNX2 and COL1A1 on polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofibre scaffolds as compared to standard 2D culture (Xue et al, 2017). Finally, studies on 3D-printed PCL/ tricalcium phosphate (TCP) scaffolds provided evidence for enhanced osteogenesis of seeded ADSCs as compared to 2D culture (Rumiński et al, 2018). Surprisingly, the presence of TCP is not responsible for the osteoinductive effect.…”

“…Surprisingly, the presence of TCP is not responsible for the osteoinductive effect. As polycaprolactone itself is neutral for MSC osteogenesis (Romagnoli et al, 2015), the improvement in differentiation efficiency (Xue et al, 2017 should presumably be attributed to the 3D environment provided by the scaffolds.…”