In vitroantioxidant activity of silymarin

Abstract

Silymarin, a known standardized extract obtained from seeds of Silybum marianum is widely used in treatment of several diseases of varying origin. In the present paper, we clarified the antioxidant activity of silymarin by employing various in vitro antioxidant assay such as 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl free radical (DPPH·) scavenging, 2,2 0 -azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging activity, total antioxidant activity determination by ferric thiocyanate, total reducing ability determination by Fe 3þ 2 Fe 2þ transformation method and Cuprac assay, superoxide anion radical scavenging by riboflavin/methionine/illuminate system, hydrogen peroxide scavenging and ferrous ions (Fe 2þ ) chelating activities. Silymarin inhibited 82.7% lipid peroxidation of linoleic acid emulsion at 30 mg/mL concentration; butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), a-tocopherol and trolox indicated inhibition of 83.3, 82.1, 68.1 and 81.3% on peroxidation of linoleic acid emulsion at the same concentration, respectively. In addition, silymarin had an effective DPPH· scavenging, ABTS zþ scavenging, superoxide anion radical scavenging, hydrogen peroxide scavenging, ferric ions (Fe 3þ ) reducing power by Fe 3þ 2 Fe 2þ transformation, cupric ions (Cu 2þ ) reducing ability by Cuprac method, and ferrous ions (Fe 2þ ) chelating activities. Also, BHA, BHT, a-tocopherol and trolox, were used as the reference antioxidant and radical scavenger compounds. Moreover, this study, which clarifies antioxidant mechanism of silymarin, brings new information on the antioxidant properties of silymarin. According to the present study, silymarin had effective in vitro antioxidant and radical scavenging activity. It could be used in the pharmacological and food industry because of its antioxidant properties.

Quercetin protects rat skeletal muscle from ischemia reperfusion injury

“…Free radicals intrinsically exist in living organisms; however, much amount of free radicals and lipid peroxides can lead to tissue damage, cell death or degenerative processes, including aspects of ageing, inflammation, neural disorders, cancer, and the circulatory system diseases by oxidise biomolecules and they are mainly responsible for oxidative stress [6][7][8] . Free radicals can change the structures of cellular molecules such as DNA, proteins, lipids and carbohydrates [9][10][11][12] . The effect of oxidants can be deactivated or inhibited in various ways by antioxidant compounds, scavenging and suppressing the free radicals [13][14][15][16] .…”

Chemical investigation and antioxidant activity of fractions of Lannea humilis (Oliv.) Engl.

“…Antioxidants respond to DPPH• by giving electron or hydrogen particle, in this way reducing it to 1,1-diphenyl-2-hydrazine (DPPH-H) or a substitute practically equivalent to hydrazine. The profound violet shade of DPPH at most extreme absorption of 515 nm is changed to light yellow, colorless or bleached product, resulting in decrease in absorption (18,19). The hexane extract of L. humilis displayed noteworthy antioxidant activity of 95% at 240 µg.mL -1 ( Figure. (20,21,22), which is accepted to add to their electron exchange/hydrogen giving capacity.…”

The effects of some bromophenols on human carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes

“…The bromophenol 11, which had two methoxy (-OH) and a bromine (-Br) groups, was the best hCA II inhibitor (K i : 2.01 ± 0.52 nM). Phenolic compounds have a lot of nutritional and pharmacological properties including anti-oxidant properties [62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72][73][74][75][76][77][78][79][80][81] and enzymes inhibition [82][83][84][85][86] . However, all bromophenol derivatives (1-12) have shown similar hCA II inhibition properties.…”