<i>In vitro</i> antimicrobial activity of several concentrations of sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine gluconate in the elimination of <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i>

Gomes, Brenda Paula Figueiredo de Almeida; Ferraz, Caio Cézar Randi; Vianna, Morgana Eli; Berber, Vanessa Bellocchio; Teixeira, Fabrício B.; Souza-Filho, Francisco José de

doi:10.1046/j.1365-2591.2001.00410.x

Cited by 430 publications

(445 citation statements)

References 43 publications

(53 reference statements)

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“…20 Although many products containing 2% CHX are available on the market, a lower concentration (0.2%) of CHX can also kill E. faecalis within 30 sec. 21 In the present study, 0.2% CHX showed similar antibacterial effect with the NaOCl group and the NaOCl + EDTA group. In the present study, the amount of bacterial reduction of the EDTA group was significantly less than that of the NaOCl, NaOCl + EDTA, CHX, and PIPS + NaOCl groups, which corroborates the fact that EDTA is an ineffective bactericidal irrigant.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Comparison of the Antibacterial Effect and Smear Layer Removal Using Photon-Initiated Photoacoustic Streaming Aided Irrigation Versus a Conventional Irrigation in Single-Rooted Canals: AnIn VitroStudy

Zhu

Yin²,

Chang

et al. 2013

Photomedicine and Laser Surgery

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Objective: The Er:YAG laser with photon-induced photoacoustic streaming (PIPS) technique was reported to be effective in root canal disinfection. This study attempted to further investigate the antibacterial efficacy and smear layer removal ability of PIPS in comparison with conventional syringe irrigation in vitro. Methods: For antibacterial analysis, 48 single-rooted human teeth were prepared and inoculated with Enterococcus faecalis, and then divided into six groups of eight roots each. The colony-forming units (CFUs) per milliliter were determined after infection as the baseline. Then, the teeth were subjected to either PIPS plus 3% sodium hypochlorite (PIPS + NaOCl) or conventional syringe irrigation with 0.9% saline, 3% NaOCl, 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX), or 3% NaOCl alternating with 17% EDTA. The reduction of CFUs in the individual group was determined. Additionally, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) examination of the canal walls for E. faecalis colonization was performed. For comparing the smear removal efficacy, another 48 single-rooted teeth, assigned to different groups as mentioned, were irrigated after mechanical instrumentation. The presence of a smear layer at different levels of the root canal was scored by SEM examination. Results: No significant differences were found in CFU reduction. No bacteria could be observed by SEM in the NaOCl, NaOCl + EDTA, and PIPS + NaOCl groups. The scores of smear layer of the NaOCl + EDTA and PIPS + NaOCl groups were significantly lower than those of the other groups in the coronal and middle third of the root canal. None of the methods can effectively remove smear layer in the apical third. Conclusions: PIPS system supplied with NaOCl and conventional syringe irrigation with NaOCl + EDTA are comparable in their ability to remove E. faecalis and smear layer in single-rooted canals.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Comparison of the Antibacterial Effect and Smear Layer Removal Using Photon-Initiated Photoacoustic Streaming Aided Irrigation Versus a Conventional Irrigation in Single-Rooted Canals: AnIn VitroStudy

Zhu

Yin²,

Chang

et al. 2013

Photomedicine and Laser Surgery

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“…Although sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) has been shown to totally eradicate E. IaecaLis either as a planktonic form or as biofilm (34). It might also be advisable to use chlorhexidine and iodine for irrigation as several in vitro studies have reported ability of these irrigants to eradicate t.Iaecalis (34,35,47). These results !lOwever may be confounded by the variation in root canal anatomy and polymicrobial root canal flora.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurance of enterococci in root canals and in the immediate clinical environment

Aziz

Baharin

Spratt

et al. 2009

ADUM

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This study aimed to detect the presence of enterococci in the root canals of untreated and treated teeth with periapical disease and to compare this to their presence in the saliva and in the immediate surgical environment during root canal treatment.Using an aseptic technique, 33 samples were obtained from 27 untreated and 6 previously treated teeth associated with apical periodontitis. Reduced Transport Fluid (RTF) was used as transport medium. Saliva samples and areas in the surgical environment were also sampled. These were performed prior to chemo-mechanical debrjdement and obturation for every case. The saliva was diluted to 10-J and was plated on Bile Aesculin Azide (BEA) agar whereas the rest of the samples were plated on Bile Aesculin (BE) agar. These plates were then incubated aerobically at 37°C for 48 hours. All the colony types that blackened the agar were sub-cultured to obtain pure isolates and tested on 6.5% sodium chloride (NaCI). Growth on this medium was Gram stained for further confirmation of cell morphology. Gram positive cocci isolated from previous positive test were identified as enterococci. Enterococci were recovered from untreated cases only; from 2 teeth (in 2 patients) prior to chemo-mechanical debridement, from 3 teeth (in 3 patients) prior to obturation and I from saliva sample. A 'total of 5 samples from 5 different patients were positive for enteroco·cci. Sampling in the immediate surgical environment revealed a low occurence in the range of3.0% (1/33) to 15_2% (5/33). In conclusion, the occurence of enterococci in patients and the immediate surgical environment was low number.

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“…It is noteworthy that the efficiency of NaOCl in root canal disinfection depends on the of NaOCl concentration. [60][61][62] According to the study by Gomes et al the most effective concentration of NaOCI for E. faecalis elimination, is 5.25%. 60 Accordingly, a concentration of 5.25% is used in the present study.…”

Section: Anti-bacterial Effect Of Er:yag Laser On Enterococcus Faecalismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[60][61][62] According to the study by Gomes et al the most effective concentration of NaOCI for E. faecalis elimination, is 5.25%. 60 Accordingly, a concentration of 5.25% is used in the present study. In the present study, the group which was disinfected only by NaOCl 5.25% showed decrease in the number of E. faecalis.…”

Section: Anti-bacterial Effect Of Er:yag Laser On Enterococcus Faecalismentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Er:YAG Laser on Entroccocus faecalis Bacterium in the Pulpectomy of Anterior Primary Teeth

et al. 2017

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Introduction: Successful root canal therapy depends on the complete elimination of microorganisms such as Entroccocus faecalis, which is impossible to achieve with the traditional methods. Lasers are recently introduced as a new method to solve the problem. The present study is planned and performed to examining the antibacterial effect of Er: YAG laser. Methods: Sixty extracted anterior primary teeth were prepared and sterilized. E. faecalis bacterium was cultured in canals. Samples were randomly divided into two groups. The first group was disinfected by NaOCl 5/25% and Er: YAG laser and the second group just by NaOCl 5/25%. Samples of canal contents were cultured and colony counts were calculated. The results were analyzed statistically by SPSS software and Mann Whitney test. Results: There was no significant difference between colony counts in both groups (P = 0.142). But the number of colonies in the first group was lower than in the second group. Conclusion: Although, Er: YAG laser cannot completely eliminate E. faecalis bacterium, its simultaneous use with NaOCl decreases E. faecalis.

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In vitro antimicrobial activity of several concentrations of sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine gluconate in the elimination of Enterococcus faecalis

Abstract: Even though all tested irrigants possessed antibacterial activity, the time required to eliminate E. faecalis depended on the concentration and type of irrigant used.

Cited by 430 publications

References 43 publications

Comparison of the Antibacterial Effect and Smear Layer Removal Using Photon-Initiated Photoacoustic Streaming Aided Irrigation Versus a Conventional Irrigation in Single-Rooted Canals: AnIn VitroStudy

Comparison of the Antibacterial Effect and Smear Layer Removal Using Photon-Initiated Photoacoustic Streaming Aided Irrigation Versus a Conventional Irrigation in Single-Rooted Canals: AnIn VitroStudy

Occurance of enterococci in root canals and in the immediate clinical environment

The Effect of Er:YAG Laser on Entroccocus faecalis Bacterium in the Pulpectomy of Anterior Primary Teeth

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