<i>In Vitro</i>
            Antibiotic Susceptibilities of Yersinia pestis Determined by Broth Microdilution following CLSI Methods

Heine, Henry S.; Hershfield, Jeremy R.; Marchand, C.; Miller, Loren M.; Halasohoris, Stephanie; Purcell, Bret K.; Worsham, Patricia L.

doi:10.1128/aac.04548-14

Cited by 28 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(14 reference statements)

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“…(4,7,8). Furthermore, aminoglycosides are also active against the biothreat pathogens Yersinia pestis, the causative agent of pneumonic plague (9,10), and Francisella tularensis, the causative agent of tularemia (11,12). Class members also have potent activity against some Gram-positive organisms such as Staphylococcus spp., including methicillin-resistant (MRSA) and vancomycin-intermediate and -resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates (4) and certain Mycobacterium spp.…”

Section: Spectrum Of Aminoglycoside Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Aminoglycoside Revival: Review of a Historically Important Class of Antimicrobials Undergoing Rejuvenation

Serio¹,

Keepers²,

Andrews³

et al. 2018

EcoSal Plus

105

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Aminoglycosides are cidal inhibitors of bacterial protein synthesis that have been utilized for the treatment of serious bacterial infections for almost 80 years. There have been approximately 15 members of this class approved worldwide for the treatment of a variety of infections, many serious and life threatening. While aminoglycoside use declined due to the introduction of other antibiotic classes such as cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, and carbapenems, there has been a resurgence of interest in the class as multidrug-resistant pathogens have spread globally. Furthermore, aminoglycosides are recommended as part of combination therapy for empiric treatment of certain difficult-totreat infections. The development of semisynthetic aminoglycosides designed to overcome common aminoglycoside resistance mechanisms, and the shift to once-daily dosing, has spurred renewed interest in the class. Plazomicin is the first new aminoglycoside to be approved by the FDA in nearly 40 years, marking the successful start of a new campaign to rejuvenate the class. AMINOGLYCOSIDE HISTORY Aminoglycoside antimicrobials were first discovered in the 1940s and originally isolated from actinomycetes. Streptomycin, isolated from Streptomyces griseus, was the first aminoglycoside introduced into clinical practice for the treatment of tuberculosis (1, 2). Selman Waksman (the first to coin the term "antibiotic") won the Nobel Prize in 1952 for the discovery of streptomycin, along with Albert Schatz, who was eventually recognized as a codiscoverer. Since then, a number of aminoglycosides have been discovered as products from the Streptomyces group ("mycin" aminoglycosides, e.g., neomycin, kanamycin, tobramycin) or Micromonospora group ("micin" aminoglycosides, e.g., gentamicin, sisomicin) species, or developed through chemical modifications using existing aminoglycoside scaffolds (e.g., amikacin, netilmicin, arbekacin, plazomicin). Plazomicin is an aminoglycoside that was engineered to overcome aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes (AMEs), the most common aminoglycoside resistance mechanism in Enterobacteriaceae, and is the first aminoglycoside to be approved by the FDA (June 2018) since the approval of amikacin in 1981, marking the beginning of a class rejuvenation.

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Section: Spectrum Of Aminoglycoside Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3B). There are 7 subclasses of phosphotransferases, specifically APH(2″), (3′), (3″) (4), (6), (7″), and (9). Several of these classes of enzymes are not relevant to clinical aminoglycoside resistance and are utilized for molecular genetics and cloning purposes in the laboratory.…”

Section: Phosphotransferasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aminoglycoside Revival: Review of a Historically Important Class of Antimicrobials Undergoing Rejuvenation

Serio¹,

Keepers²,

Andrews³

et al. 2018

EcoSal Plus

105

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“…MICs were determined by the microdilution method in 96-well plates, as previously described (20), with the exception of the addition of IsoVitaleX (Becton Dickinson) to a final concentration of 2% (17,21). Antibiotics were serially diluted 2-fold in 50 l of cation-adjusted Mueller-Hinton broth (CAMHB).…”

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confidence: 99%

In Vitro Antibiotic Susceptibilities of Francisella tularensis Determined by Broth Microdilution following CLSI Methods

Heine

Miller

Halasohoris

et al. 2017

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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In vitro susceptibilities for 47 antibiotics were determined in 30 genetic diverse strains of Francisella tularensis by the broth microdilution method following Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) methods. The F. tularensis strains demonstrated susceptibility to aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, and tetracyclines. There was a distinct difference in macrolide susceptibilities between A and B type strains, as has been noted previously. The establishment and comparison of antibiotic susceptibilities of a diverse but specific set of F. tularensis strains by standardized methods and the establishment of population ranges and MIC 50/90 values provide reference information for assessing new antibiotic agents and a baseline to monitor any future emergence of resistance, whether natural or intentional.KEYWORDS Francisella tularensis, antibiotics, susceptibility testing F rancisella tularensis is the causative agent of tularemia, a zoonotic infection in humans, usually transmitted as a result of contact with infected animals or insect bites (1). It also has potential misuse in biowarfare and bioterrorism (2). While the disease is not usually fatal, underlying medical conditions can lead to possibly fatal complications. Antibiotic therapy usually resolves the infection (1). The species is also divided into several biovars, based on metabolic differences, virulence, and geographic location (3). There is scattered information on MICs under a variety of nonstandardized testing conditions, with mostly type B (F. tularensis subsp. holarctica) strains (4-15). A more recent report utilizing standardized testing methods with a variety of North American type A strains (16) has provided some additional data; however, this study looked at only eight antibiotics representing five classes. With a lack of comparative data on type strains and with a variety of antibiotic classes, we report here specific antibiotic susceptibility results according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) microdilution broth methodology for 30 strains of F. tularensis (17). This information will be highly useful as baseline data in the event of wartime or terrorist release, as well as for naturally acquired and laboratory-acquired infections.The F. tularensis strains used in this study are shown in Table 1, and they were obtained from the U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID) collection and selected to represent the established biovars and geographic diversity (18). Most antibiotics were obtained from U.S. Pharmacopoeia (Rockville, MD), with the following exceptions: ceftriaxone and fusidic acid were from Sigma Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO), cethromycin was from Advanced Life Sciences; telithromycin was from Sanofi-Aventis, garenoxacin was from Schering-Plough, gemifloxacin was from Oscient, ertapenem was from Merck, faropenem was from Replidyne, and tigecycline was from Wyeth. Most stock solutions (5 mg/ml) were prepared for each drug in the appropriate solvents, based on the current CLS...

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“…Its bactericidal activity is comparable to that of streptomycin, and its mode of administration is less restrictive; more acceptable for exposed population [ 24 ]. In addition, a wide range of antibiotics was already in vitro tested for their susceptibility to geographically diverse strains of Y. pestis which provide alternatives for plague treatment [ 25 ]. Another study had also investigated the susceptibility patterns of Y. pestis strains from diverse sources to 12 antimicrobial agents and showed that a large panel of Y. pestis remained susceptible not only to drugs traditionally used to treat plague (streptomycin, doxycycline and chloramphenicol), but also to newer agents (broad-spectrum cephalosporins and quinolones).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mixed pneumonic plague and nosocomial MDR-bacterial infection of lung: a rare case report

et al. 2018

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BackgroundPlague is a life-threatening disease caused by the bacterium, Yersinia pestis. Madagascar is the leading country for human plague cases worldwide. Human plague is a serious disease, particularly in its septicaemic and pneumonic forms. We report a case of pneumonic plague co-infected by a MDR-Stenotrophomonas maltophilia.Case presentationA 24 year-old man originated from Soavinandriana, a plague focus, felt uneasy and developed high fever with chills. He started treatment by himself, by private medical care and by a traditional healer for nine days moving several times from place to place. His condition had deteriorated when he presented to a district hospital with a syndrome of dyspnea, bronchial rale and altered state of consciousness. Two days later, plague diagnosis, performed as a last resort, revealed a positive F1 antigen on rapid diagnostic test. Additional tests (pla PCR and plague serology) evidenced a Y. pestis infection. However, streptomycin treatment did not achieve a complete recovery as the course of disease was complicated by the presence of MDR-S. maltophilia in his lung. This opportunistic infection could have been favored by an immunosuppression due to Y. pestis pulmonary infection and probably been acquired during his stay at a District Hospital. He was treated with a combination of ciprofloxacin and gentamycin and recovered fully.ConclusionsPneumonic plague infection may promote another virulent or avirulent bacterial infection particularly when it is not initially suspected. However, coinfection is rarely described and its occurrence frequency is unknown. In middle or low resources areas, which is the case of most plague endemic countries, control and prevention of infections in health facilities is not optimal. Co-infection with an opportunistic pathogen agent, such as S. maltophilia, is a risk which must not be disregarded as demonstrated by this case report. When deciding of a national control strategy, it should be taken into account in the choice of the first line treatment.

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In Vitro Antibiotic Susceptibilities of Yersinia pestis Determined by Broth Microdilution following CLSI Methods

Cited by 28 publications

References 17 publications

Aminoglycoside Revival: Review of a Historically Important Class of Antimicrobials Undergoing Rejuvenation

Aminoglycoside Revival: Review of a Historically Important Class of Antimicrobials Undergoing Rejuvenation

In Vitro Antibiotic Susceptibilities of Francisella tularensis Determined by Broth Microdilution following CLSI Methods

Mixed pneumonic plague and nosocomial MDR-bacterial infection of lung: a rare case report

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