In VitroandIn VivoAntimalarial Activity Assays of Seeds fromBalanites aegyptiaca: Compounds of the Extract Show Growth Inhibition and Activity against Plasmodial Aminopeptidase

Abstract

Balanites aegyptiaca (Balanitaceae) is a widely grown desert plant with multiuse potential. In the present paper, a crude extract from B. aegyptiaca seeds equivalent to a ratio of 1 : 2000 seeds to the extract was screened for antiplasmodial activity. The determined IC50 value for the chloroquine-susceptible Plasmodium falciparum NF54 strain was 68.26 μg/μL ± 3.5. Analysis of the extract by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry detected 6-phenyl-2(H)-1,2,4-triazin-5-one oxime, an inhibitor of the parasitic M18 Aspartyl Aminopeptidase as one of the compounds which is responsible for the in vitro antiplasmodial activity. The crude plant extract had a K i of 2.35 μg/μL and showed a dose-dependent response. After depletion of the compound, a significantly lower inhibition was determined with a K i of 4.8 μg/μL. Moreover, two phenolic compounds, that is, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-phenol and 2,4-di-tert-butyl-phenol, with determined IC50 values of 50.29 μM ± 3 and 47.82 μM ± 2.5, respectively, were detected. These compounds may contribute to the in vitro antimalarial activity due to their antioxidative properties. In an in vivo experiment, treatment of BALB/c mice with the aqueous Balanite extract did not lead to eradication of the parasites, although a reduced parasitemia at day 12 p.i. was observed.

Asymptomatic falciparum malaria and genetic polymorphisms of Pfcrt K76T and Pfmdr1 N86Y among almajirai in northeast Nigeria

“…Studies have shown that asymptomatic malaria increases with age as pre-immunity gradually develops [36], and that the use of ITNs is a reliable malaria preventive measure [37]. In contrast, the prevalence in the present study was lower than the 43.7% reported in western Kenya [38] and could be partly attributed to consumption of herbs, as 10.9% of the subjects who participated in the present study consumed herbs that may have antiplasmodial activities [39]. In addition, almajirai's lifestyle exposes them to many hardships, including infections [25]; thus, they could have experienced sufficient malaria episodes resulting in preimmunity even at an early age.…”

2,4-Di-tert-butyl phenol as the antifungal, antioxidant bioactive purified from a newly isolated Lactococcus sp.

“…2,4 DTBP has been reported to be present in fruits as well as seeds and imparts antioxidant properties (Choi et al, 2013). This volatile phenolic compound is reported to have in vitro antimalarial activity where the plasmodial growth was arrested with an amount of 100 mM compound (Kusch et al, 2011). One recent report indicates the presence of 2,4 DTBP in the culture filtrate (CF) of an antifungal Lactobacillus strain where the compound was detected by GC-MS analysis (Sangmanee and Hongpattarakere, 2014).…”

The Effectiveness of Local Plants from Lom and Sawang Ethnics as Antimalarial Medicine

“…Table 3 showed that this extract could inhibit the plasmodium. It was assumed that phenol, tannin and triterpenoid in this extract could inhibit the para- Kusch et al (2011) who explained that phenol increase cellular oxidation in red blood cell and inhibit protein synthesis of parasite when act as antimalarial agent. Builder (2010) taked that these processes will lead to oxidative damage by malaria parasite induction.…”