In Vitro and In Vivo Inhibitory Activities of Four Indian Medicinal Plant Extracts and their Major Components on Rat Aldose Reductase and Generation of Advanced Glycation Endproducts

Abstract

The polyol enzyme aldose reductase (AR) and advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) play an important role in diabetic complications such as cataracts. The purpose of this study was to investigate four standardized plant extracts used for the treatment of diabetes and related diseases, and their principal components for AR inhibitory activity and to find out their influence in diabetic complications. Thus, Boswellia serrata Triana & Planch. (Burseraceae), Lagerstroemia speciosa (L.) Pers. (Lythraceae), Ocimum gratissimum (L.) (Lamiaceae) and Syzygium cumin (L.) Skeels. (Myrthaceae) and their respective major constituents, boswellic acid, corosolic acid, ursolic acid and ellagic acid, were studied for their inhibitory activity against rat lens AR, rat kidney AR, human recombinant AR and generation of AGEs. In addition, in vivo inhibition of lens galactitol accumulation by the major constituents of the plants in galactose-fed rat has been studied. The results revealed that all the tested extracts and their active ingredients possess significant AR inhibitory actions in both in vitro and in vivo assays with urosolic acid showing the most potent effect. Furthermore, the study indicates the potential of the studied plants and their major constituents as possible protective agents against long-term diabetic complications.

Inhibitory effects ofSynurus excelsusandWeigela subsessilison aldose reductase and HPLC-UV analysis of scopolin, scopoletin, and quercetin

“…Interestingly, the MeOH extract of the aerial parts of W. subsessilis contains triterpenoids such as corosolic acid, which has been shown to exhibit strong ARI effects. Corosolic acid has a structure that is closely related to those of other known ARIs, such as ganoderic acid C2 and ganoderenic A [19,20,21]. These related studies support that W. subsessilis contains ARIs.…”

Traditional Medicinal Herbs for the Management of Diabetes and its Complications: An Evidence-Based Review

“…Suppression of pancreatic islet tissue atrophy and apoptosis of periinsular cells mediated by anti-caspase 3 are among its main antidiabetic mechanisms (Shehata et al, 2011(Shehata et al, , 2012. Rao et al (2013) reported that the oleo-gum resin and the isolated compound boswellic acid improve chronic diabetic complications via suppressing polyol enzyme aldose reductase and reduction of advanced glycation endproducts in vivo in rat lens and rat kidney as well as in vitro in human recombinant cell. In addition, B. carterii oleo-gum resin exhibited antidiabetic potential through an increase in serum insulin, regeneration of the β-cells of Langerhans islets as well as elevating glycogenesis and reducing glycogenolysis in rats with alloxan-induced type 1 diabetes (Helal et al, 2005).…”

Management of diabetic complications: A chemical constituents based approach

“…Thus, eremanthin possessed hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activities and hence it could be used as a drug for treating diabetes (Eliza et al, 2009b). Boswellic acid isolated from the Boswellia serrataTriana & Planch(Rao et al, 2013) was found to be very effective at a dose of 10 mg/kg in-vivo and 10, 50 and 100 μg/ml for in-vitro assay. It acts by inhibiting the aldose reductase and formation of AGEs.…”