<i>In vitro</i> activities of oxolonic acid, ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin against <i>Aeromonas salmonicida</i>

Lewin, C. S.; Hastings, T. S.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2761.1990.tb00796.x

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(9 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…noatunensis isolated from Atlantic cod Gadus morhua L. were tested for susceptibility, in the form of minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values, against the following antibacterial agents: flumequine, oxolinic acid, ciprofloxacin, florfenicol, oxytetracycline, erythromycin, streptomycin sulphate, trimetoprim/ sulphadiazine and rifampin. All the isolates had a low susceptibility to oxytetracycline, trimetoprim/sulphadiazine (Tribrissen ® ), erythromycin, ciprofloxacin and streptomycin with MIC values of 64, 64 to 128, 16, 8 and 32 to 128 µg ml Dis Aquat Org 98: [57][58][59][60][61][62] 2012 markedly more active against oxolinic-acid-resistant isolates of Aeromonas salmonicida (Lewin & Hastings 1990). F. noatunensis subsp.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial susceptibility of Francisella noatunensis subsp. noatunensis strains isolated from Atlantic cod Gadus morhua in Norway

Isachsen

Vågnes²,

Jakobsen³

et al. 2012

Dis. Aquat. Org.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A total of 30 isolates of Francisella noatunensis subsp. noatunensis isolated from Atlantic cod Gadus morhua L. were tested for susceptibility, in the form of minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values, against the following antibacterial agents: flumequine, oxolinic acid, ciprofloxacin, florfenicol, oxytetracycline, erythromycin, streptomycin sulphate, trimetoprim/ sulphadiazine and rifampin. All the isolates had a low susceptibility to oxytetracycline, trimetoprim/sulphadiazine (Tribrissen ® ), erythromycin, ciprofloxacin and streptomycin with MIC values of 64, 64 to 128, 16, 8 and 32 to 128 µg ml Dis Aquat Org 98: [57][58][59][60][61][62] 2012 markedly more active against oxolinic-acid-resistant isolates of Aeromonas salmonicida (Lewin & Hastings 1990). F. noatunensis subsp. noatunensis is a slowgrowing bacterium, and rifampin, erythromycin and streptomycin sulphate are all antibacterial agents that are used in human medicine in the treatment of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, another slow-growing bacterium. Erythromycin is also occasionally used against bacterial kidney disease (BKD) in salmonids.The aim of the present study was to test the susceptibility, in the form of MIC values, to a number of isolates of Francisella noatunensis subsp. noatunensis against the selected group of antibacterial agents. MATERIALS AND METHODS Bacterial strainsA total of 30 isolates of Francisella noatunensis subsp. noatunensis from Atlantic cod Gadus morhua L. were analysed. Of these, 28 isolates were provided by the Norwegian Veterinary Institute (Norway) and 2 isolates, GM2212/LMG 24256 (Nylund et al. 2006, Ottem et al. 2007) and EK-4b, were provided by the Institute of Marine Research (Norway). All isolates originate from farmed cod, except EK-4b, which was isolated from a wild cod. The strains were previously identified as F. noatunensis subsp. noatunensis using the methods described by Ottem et al. (2008). ChemicalsFlumequine, oxolinic acid, oxytetracycline, florfenicol, Tribrissen (trimethoprim/sulfadiazine), erythromycin, ciprofloxacin, streptomycin sulphate and rifampin were all obtained from Norwegian Medical Depot (Bergen, Norway). Stock solutions of antibacterial agents were prepared at a concentration of 1.0 mg ml −1 in methanol (florfenicol, Tribrissen, rifampin), in water (oxytetracycline, erythromycin, streptomycin sulphate), 0.03 M NaOH (flumequine, oxolic acid) and 0.03 M NaOH/methanol (1:1) (ciprofloxacin). MIC determinationIn order to meet the demands of Francisella noatunensis subsp. noatunensis for specific growth factors, the method of choice in the present work was a modified agar dilution test for the determinations of MIC values (Alderman & Smith 2001). Briefly, F. noatunensis subsp. noatunensis isolates were grown on modified Mueller-Hinton agar (MMHA) supplemented with 3% foetal bovine serum (FBS) (PAA Laboratories), 0.8% glucose (Merck), 0.4% L-cystein (Sigma) and 4% Yeastolate Ultrafiltrate (Gibco) and containing 2-fold dilutions of the antibacterial agents tested. All supplements and a...

show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial susceptibility of Francisella noatunensis subsp. noatunensis strains isolated from Atlantic cod Gadus morhua in Norway

Isachsen

Vågnes²,

Jakobsen³

et al. 2012

Dis. Aquat. Org.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Sarafloxacin, enrofloxacin, and other fluoroquinolones have showed enhanced in vitro activities compared with those of older quinolones, such as oxolinic acid and flumequine, against fish pathogenic bacteria (2, 21). Studies have also revealed better bactericidal activity (3,16), as well as promising clinical efficacy in treatment of bacterial fish diseases (6,14,29). The chemical structures of oxolinic acid, flumequine, sarafloxacin, and enrofloxacin are shown in Fig.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative single-dose pharmacokinetics of four quinolones, oxolinic acid, flumequine, sarafloxacin, and enrofloxacin, in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) held in seawater at 10 degrees C

Martinsen

Horsberg

1995

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

107

105

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Quinolones are currently the most commonly used group of antimicrobial agents in Norwegian aquaculture. The aims of this study were to examine and compare the pharmacokinetic properties of the quinolones oxolinic acid, flumequine, sarafloxacin, and enrofloxacin after intravascular and oral administration to Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) by using identical experimental designs. The study was performed in seawater at 10.2 ؎ 0.2؇C with Atlantic salmon weighing 240 ؎ 50 g (mean ؎ standard deviation). The bioavailability varied considerably among the four quinolones. Following oral administration of medicated feed, the bioavailabilities of oxolinic acid, flumequine, sarafloxacin, and enrofloxacin were 30.1, 44.7, 2.2, and 55.5%, respectively. Taking the different dosages (25 mg/kg of body weight for oxolinic acid and flumequine and 10 mg/kg for sarafloxacin and enrofloxacin) into account, enrofloxacin showed the highest maximum concentration in plasma, followed by flumequine, oxolinic acid, and sarafloxacin. Following intravenous administration, the volumes of distribution at steady state of oxolinic acid, flumequine, sarafloxacin, and enrofloxacin were 5.4, 3.5, 2.3, and 6.1 liters/kg, respectively. Hence, all the quinolones showed good tissue penetration in Atlantic salmon. The elimination half-life of three of the quinolones, oxolinic acid, flumequine, and sarafloxacin, was less than or equal to 24 h, with oxolinic acid showing the shortest (18.2 h). On the other hand, the elimination half-life of enrofloxacin was estimated to be 34.2 h, almost twice that of oxolinic acid. This study showed that flumequine and enrofloxacin had better pharmacokinetic properties, compared with those of oxolinic acid, in Atlantic salmon held in seawater.In recent years, the quinolones oxolinic acid and flumequine have been the most frequently used antimicrobial agents in Norwegian aquaculture (17). Sarafloxacin, enrofloxacin, and other fluoroquinolones have showed enhanced in vitro activities compared with those of older quinolones, such as oxolinic acid and flumequine, against fish pathogenic bacteria (2, 21). Studies have also revealed better bactericidal activity (3, 16), as well as promising clinical efficacy in treatment of bacterial fish diseases (6,14,29). The chemical structures of oxolinic acid, flumequine, sarafloxacin, and enrofloxacin are shown in Fig. 1.The pharmacokinetic properties of quinolones have not been extensively studied in fish. However, there are several single reports indicating that their pharmacokinetic properties vary considerably from one compound to another (7,11,19,24). It is therefore important to clarify the pharmacokinetic properties of the different quinolones in fish, so as to be able to select the most beneficial compound for the treatment of bacterial fish diseases.Some data concerning the pharmacokinetic properties of oxolinic acid and flumequine in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) are available (11,12,24). As regards sarafloxacin and enrofloxacin in Atlantic salmon, one paper on the kinetics of s...

show abstract

“…salmonicida. However, the cross-resis- (2,3,25), have lower resistance mutation frequencies (25,30), and exhibit better in vitro bactericidal activity (3,21) against bacterial species pathogenic to fish than do the old 4-quinolones. Only preliminary pharmacokinetic and efficacy studies with fish are available for the fluoroquinolones (11,13,16).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Aminopenicillins, several sulfonamide-trimethoprim combinations, chloramphenicol analogs such as thiamphenicol and florfenicol, and potent fluoroquinolones have all been proposed and tested as potential new drug candidates (2,3,12,16,21,24,25,30).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Temperature-dependent in vitro antimicrobial activity of four 4-quinolones and oxytetracycline against bacteria pathogenic to fish

Martinsen

Oppegaard

Wichstrøm

et al. 1992

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The in vitro antimicrobial activities of oxolinic acid, flumequine, sarafloxacin, enrofloxacin, and oxytetracycline against strains of bacteria pathogenic to fish (Aerononas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida, atypical A. salmonicida, Vibrio sabnonicida, Vibrio anguillarum, and Yersinia ruckeri) were determined at two different incubation temperatures, 4 and 15°C, by a drug microdilution method. The main objective of the study was to examine the effect of incubation temperature on the in vitro activities of 4-quinolones and oxytetracycline against these bacteria. When tested against A. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida, all of the quinolones examined had MICs two-to threefold higher at 4°C than at 15°C. Similarly, 1.5-to 2-fold higher MICs were recorded for all of the quinolones except sarafloxacin at 4°C than at 15°C when the drugs were tested against V. salmonicida. In contrast to those of the quinolones, the MICs of oxytetracycline were two-to eightfold lower at 4°C than at 15°C against all of the bacterial species tested. Of the antimicrobial agents tested against the bacterial species included in the study, enrofloxacin was the most active and oxytetracycline was the least active. Sarafloxacin was slightly more active than flumequine and oxolinic acid, especially against oxolinic acid-resistant A. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida strains.In recent years, the 4-quinolone antimicrobial compounds oxolinic acid and flumequine, in addition to oxytetracycline, and sulfadiazine-trimethoprim, have been the most frequently used antimicrobial agents in Norwegian aquaculture (18,23).Substantial development of oxolinic acid and tetracycline resistance in bacteria pathogenic to fish (2, 19, 29, 31) has led to a need for new antimicrobial drugs for control of bacterial fish diseases in aquaculture. Aminopenicillins, several sulfonamide-trimethoprim combinations, chloramphenicol analogs such as thiamphenicol and florfenicol, and potent fluoroquinolones have all been proposed and tested as potential new drug candidates (2,3,12,16,21,24,25,30).Several of the new fluoroquinolones generated during the last decade (32) show increased inhibitory (6, 15) and bactericidal (4) activities in vitro against many bacterial pathogens, compared with the old 4-quinolones, such as nalidixic acid and oxolinic acid. Studies have also revealed that the newer compounds show increased potency (2, 25), as well as more effective bactericidal activity (3, 21), against bacteria pathogenic to fish.Along the Norwegian coastline, there are significant seasonal and geographic seawater temperature variations, from just above zero in the winter to well above 18°C in the summer at the same site. The most common bacterial fish diseases in Norway, furunculosis, vibriosis, cold water vibriosis, bacterial kidney disease, yersiniosis, and infections caused by different strains of atypical Aeromonas salmonicida, may all occur at a wide range of temperatures.The general influence of temperature on the pharmacoki-

show abstract

In vitro activities of oxolonic acid, ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin against Aeromonas salmonicida

Cited by 12 publications

References 16 publications

Antimicrobial susceptibility of Francisella noatunensis subsp. noatunensis strains isolated from Atlantic cod Gadus morhua in Norway

Antimicrobial susceptibility of Francisella noatunensis subsp. noatunensis strains isolated from Atlantic cod Gadus morhua in Norway

Comparative single-dose pharmacokinetics of four quinolones, oxolinic acid, flumequine, sarafloxacin, and enrofloxacin, in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) held in seawater at 10 degrees C

Temperature-dependent in vitro antimicrobial activity of four 4-quinolones and oxytetracycline against bacteria pathogenic to fish

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About