In situ X-ray diffraction experiments on lithium intercalation compounds

Abstract

We describe powder X-ray diffraction experiments on lithium intercalation compounds. Using a unique electrochemical cell which incorporates a beryllium X-ray window we are able to monitor changes in the host lattice which occur when the lithium concentration is altered electrochemically. The detailed design of the cells and experimental problems which arise when using the in situ X-ray diffraction technique are discussed. Results of experiments on LixTiS2 are reported for 0 ≤ x ≤ 2.

Sealed-tube synthesis and phase diagram of LixTiS2 (0≤x≤1)

“…5 shows the lithium content (x) dependences of lattice parameters and unit cell volume for 1T-Li x TiS 2 . The variation trend of the lattice parameters with x is in consistence with that reported previously [6,17]. From Fig.…”

Research Update: Retardation and acceleration of phase separation evaluated from observation of imbalance between structure and valence in LiFePO4/FePO4 electrode

“…The structure and valence changes are usually evaluated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) [15][16][17][18] and X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) [19][20][21] techniques, respectively. In the pioneering works with the XRD and XANES techniques, 22,23 each measurement was carried out separately.…”

Sodium Intercalation into (PbS)1.18(TiS2)2Misfit Layer Compound

“…The main difference between this plot and that of the electron density of the host is the that propylene carbonate (PC) may penetrate into the structure of layered host together with alkali ions during appearance of new peaks between the TiS 2 slabs while the region defined at the interface PbS-TiS 2 remains unalthe electrochemical intercalation. Thus, PC intercalation has been observed in Li/TiS 2 (13) and Li/ͱ-ZrNCl (M ϭ tered. The increase in the electron density in the TiS 2 -TiS 2 interlayer can be attributable to the Na ions co-intercalated Li, Na, K) cells (14).…”

“…Thus, we explain this weight by means of the release of the co-interca- phase. Either pristine or unsolvated intercalated phases sion reported by some authors (13,14) concerning the irreversibility of the co-intercalation process, i.e. that cowere always present at the same time.…”