In situ synthesis, structure, and properties of a dendritic branched nano‐thickening agent for high temperature fracturing fluid

Abstract

The aim of this work was to prepare a novel dendritic branched nano-thickening agent by free radical polymerization of acrylamide (AM), acrylic acid (AA), sodium p-styrene sulfonate, dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride, and multiwalled carbon nanotubes. The as-synthesized nano-thickening agent was characterized by Fourier transform infrared, Raman spectra, transmission electron microscope, 1 H-NMR, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Compared with the pristine polymer and partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM), thickening capacity, temperature resistance, and salt tolerance properties of the nano-thickening agent considerably improved, and the viscosity of 0.5% nano-polymer solution was 126.5 mPaÁs. Additionally, the properties of the nano-gel prepared by nano-thickener, such as temperature and shear tolerance, viscoelasticity, sand carrying capacity, and gel breaking performance, were evaluated showing the satisfactory performance of the nano-gel under high temperature condition. The results indicated that the nano-thickener has potential applications in the field of oil and gas production.

Growth, Properties, and Applications of Branched Carbon Nanostructures

“…Other technological applications for branched CNSs take advantage of aspects of their tunable properties, such as rheology [119] and hydrophobicity [5], as well as their electrical and electronic properties [8,16,18,29,120,121]. Hirtz and Hölscher et al used an open flame process to fabricate site-specific catalyst supports and also proposed an empirical model for the growth process, as shown in Figure 10, in agreement with SEM micrographs (Figure 11) [122].…”

“…In the case of branched CNTs, lotus-leaf mimicry A nanothickening agent for high temperature fracturing fluid in the field of oil and gas production was produced using dendritic structures obtained from the free radical polymerization of acrylamide (AM), acrylic acid (AA), sodium p-styrene sulfonate, dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride, and MWCNTs. The resulting system demonstrated enhanced thickening capacity, thermoresistance, salt and shear tolerance, viscoelasticity, sand carrying capacity, and gel breaking performance, compared to the pristine polymer and partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) [119].…”

Influence of Nanoparticles and Surfactants on Stability and Rheological Behavior of Polymeric Nanofluids and the Potential Applications in Fracturing Fluids

“…The fracture temperature of C–C main chain structure in the AM-SA-C 18 DMAAC is high, so the thermal stability and temperature resistance of the polymer are improved. , Also, the polymer with C–C bonds as the main chain has good bacterial corrosion resistance . Amide groups generate carboxyl groups after hydrolysis to enhance the solubility of the polymer and form a water-soluble cross-linked polymer. , The cationic groups in the long chain quaternary ammonium salt significantly reduce the damage of the polymer to the reservoir and inhibit clay hydration expansion and migration, while the hydrophobic long chains enhance the synergistic effect of anionic and cationic materials among the polymer molecules and improve the thickening effect of the solution. , …”

Preparation and characterization of imidazolyl ionic liquid‐based shear thickening dispersion system

“…As a new type of green organic solvent, ionic liquid has many advantages, such as ultra-low vapor pressure, nonvolatile, nontoxic, nonflammable and explosive, recyclable, high thermal stability, and chemical stability. 34,35 Due to the single type and function of shear thickening liquid, the ionic liquid can be considered as the good dispersion medium for shear thickening system. [36][37][38][39] In this paper, ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazole hexa-fluorophosphate ([BMIM]PF 6 ) is synthesized, and used to form novel ionic shear thickening combined with poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA).…”

“…Although these dispersive media have good physical and chemical stability and environmental friendliness, the resulted STF owns only single function. As a new type of green organic solvent, ionic liquid has many advantages, such as ultra‐low vapor pressure, nonvolatile, nontoxic, nonflammable and explosive, recyclable, high thermal stability, and chemical stability 34,35 . Due to the single type and function of shear thickening liquid, the ionic liquid can be considered as the good dispersion medium for shear thickening system 36–39 .…”