In situsynthesis of expanded graphite embedded with amorphous carbon-coated aluminum particles as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries

Abstract

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Expanded graphite embedded with amorphous carbon-coated aluminum particle (C@Al–EG) composites were <jats:italic>in situ</jats:italic> synthesized by chemical vapour deposition (CVD) and ball-milling methods using EG and metallic aluminum as raw materials. Using the characterization and analysis of scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, alternating current impedance and first charge–discharge curves, the different Al contents in C@Al–EG composites were studied, and the experimental results show that the best performing content for Al was 30 wt%. The C@Al–EG composites exhibited high capacity, excellent cycle stability and rate performance as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries. At a current density of 100 mA h/g, the first reversible capacity of C@Al–EG composites was 401 mA h/g, and the decreasing speed of capacity was slow, with the specific capacity remaining at 381 mA h/g after 50 cycles. The retention rate was up to 95%.</jats:p>

Combining Zn0.76Co0.24S with S-doped graphene as high-performance anode materials for lithium- and sodium-ion batteries

“…As a type of promising anode materials, transitional metal chalcogenides have been attracting significant interests because of their superior conductivity and high theoretical capacity [10]. Nevertheless, there are still several problems that need to be solved before their application in practice, including poor cycle life and low rate performance, which are mainly caused by the serious volume expansion during charge/discharge [11].…”

Recent trends in the applications of thermally expanded graphite for energy storage and sensors – a review

“… 110,111 In particular, TEG was demonstrated in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) with good cycling stability up to 100 cycles, and the first reversible capacity was 401 mA h g −1 . 112 Herein, the stacking arrangement of graphene sheets enhanced the lithium-ion transportation and the electron conductivity of the electrode. After 50 cycles, the obtained specific capacity was 381 mA h g −1 and the retention rate reached up to 95%.…”

“…Zhao et al 112 synthesized composite material made of carbon-coated aluminium/TEG by chemical vapor deposition and ball milling methods. They have studied the mechanism of aluminium intercalation and deintercalation in the composite.…”

“…This composite had shown high lattice intercalation sites with the aluminium doping of 30%. In addition, it was used as the anode material for lithium-ion batteries which showed high cycling stability with specific capacity of 381 mA h/g after 50 cycles and retention rate performance was up to 95% 112 . Recently, He et al 111 stated that a polymer binder was used for the attachment of the catalyst dissolved substance onto the surface of a glassy carbon electrode.…”

“…In addition, it was used as the anode material for lithium-ion batteries which showed high cycling stability with a specific capacity of 381 mA h g −1 after 50 cycles and the retention rate performance was up to 95%. 112 Recently, He et al 111 stated that a polymer binder was used for the attachment of the catalyst dissolved substance onto the surface of a glassy carbon electrode. But, it did not increase the series resistance as well as masked the catalytically active sites, which could affect the electrochemical properties.…”