<i>In situ</i>study of magmatic processes: a new experimental approach

Gondé, Charlotte; Massare, D.; Bureau, Hélène; Martel, Caroline; Pichavant, Michel; Clocchiatti, R.

doi:10.1080/08957950600881512

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(19 reference statements)

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“…These studies investigated bubble growth in 78 rhyolitic melts and showed experimental results consistent with the growth laws 79 inferred by theoretical models (Toramaru 1989;Toramaru 1995;Proussevitch et al 80 1993; Lyakhovsky et al 1996). More recently, high-pressure devices were developed 81 and used to investigate in-situ bubble growth in silicic melts (Martel and Bureau 82 2001; Gondé et al 2006; Gondé et al 2011). The experimental results were also 83 consistent with observations of natural products, demonstrating the reliability of the The low experimental temperature (generally well below 1000 °C) and the 86 exclusive use of rhyolitic-type melt compositions are the main limitations of the 87 experiments carried out so far.…”

Section: Introduction 52mentioning

confidence: 79%

In situ observations of bubble growth in basaltic, andesitic and rhyodacitic melts

Masotta

Keppler

2014

Contrib Mineral Petrol

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Bubble growth strongly affects the physical properties of degassing magmas and their eruption dynamics. Natural samples and products from quench experiments provide only a snapshot of the final state of volatile exsolution, leaving the processes occurring during its early stages unconstrained. In order to fill this gap, we present in situ high-temperature observations of bubble growth in magmas of different compositions (basalt, andesite and rhyodacite) at 1,100 to 1,240 °C and 0.1 MPa (1 bar), obtained using a moissanite cell apparatus. The data show that nucleation occurs at very small degrees of supersaturaturation (<60 MPa in basalt and andesite, 200 MPa in rhyodacite), probably due to heterogeneous nucleation of bubbles occurring simultaneously with the nucleation of crystals. During the early stages of exsolution, melt degassing is the driving mechanism of bubble growth, with coalescence becoming increasingly important as exsolution progresses. Ostwald ripening occurs only at the end of the process and only in basaltic melt. The average bubble growth rate (G R) ranges from 3.4 × 10-6 to 5.2 × 10-7 mm/s, with basalt and andesite showing faster growth rates than rhyodacite. The bubble number density (N B) at nucleation ranges from 7.9 × 104 mm-3 to 1.8 × 105 mm-3 and decreases exponentially over time. While the rhyodacite melt maintained a well-sorted bubble size distribution (BSD) through time, the BSDs of basalt and andesite are much more inhomogeneous. Our experimental observations demonstrate that bubble growth cannot be ascribed to a single mechanism but is rather a combination of many processes, which depend on the physical properties of the melt. Depending on coalescence rate, annealing of bubbles following a single nucleation event can produce complex bubble size distributions. In natural samples, such BSDs may be misinterpreted as resulting from several separate nucleation events. Incipient crystallization upon cooling of a magma may allow bubble nucleation already at very small degrees of supersaturation and could therefore be an important trigger for volatile release and explosive eruptions. © 2014 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

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Section: Introduction 52mentioning

confidence: 79%

In situ observations of bubble growth in basaltic, andesitic and rhyodacitic melts

Masotta

Keppler

2014

Contrib Mineral Petrol

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“…In order to examine the first seconds of bubble formation, we employed 4D X-ray tomographic microscopy as a tool to image and record nucleation and growth, therefore building on the pioneering work on in situ 2D observations of bubble nucleation and growth (Bagdassarov et al, 1996;Gondé et al, 2006Gondé et al, , 2011Applegarth et al, 2013;Masotta et al, 2014) with the latest developments in 3D and 4D imaging of geological materials (Bai et al, 2008;Baker et al, 2012aBaker et al, , 2012bPistone et al, 2015aPistone et al, , 2015b.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic observations of vesiculation reveal the role of silicate crystals in bubble nucleation and growth in andesitic magmas

Pleše

Higgins

Mancini

et al. 2018

Lithos

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“…Although this technique was successfully employed, especially for the study of metastable phases, no investigations were conducted to explore textural development in polycrystalline aggregates. Gondé et al (2006) developed a sapphire-windowed, internally heated pressure vessel that allows the in situ observation of magmatic processes at pressures up to 0.5 GPa and temperatures up to 1000 °C.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A moissanite cell apparatus for optical in situ observation of crystallizing melts at high temperature

Schiavi

Walte

Konschak

et al. 2010

American Mineralogist

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An experimental apparatus is described that allows for optical in situ observation of samples at 1 bar and temperatures up to 1250 °C for durations up to several days. The apparatus resembles a Bassett-type externally heated diamond cell, where the diamond anvils are replaced by cylinders of synthetic moissanite (SiC). The sample is placed inside a gasket of glassy carbon between the two moissanite windows. The moissanite cell allows for the direct and continuous observation of the sample with an optical resolution in the range of a few micrometers. Partially molten systems can be investigated during cooling-heating cycles within a single experimental run. Texture evolution can be observed continuously through time. The technique also allows for direct measurements of crystal growth and dissolution rates at defined cooling and heating rates. The method was tested by observing the crystallization of KNO3-LiNO3 and NaCl-KCl salt melts as well as of a basaltic-trachyandesi tic melt. Dendrite formation, static grain growth, and dissolution were observed in the salt melts. During textural coarsening (static grain growth) of rock salt in the presence of melt, grain coalescence was observed. Both nitrate and rock salt grains growing in contact with melt generally showed curved boundaries and roundish shapes, rather than facets. In one experiment, the final texture did not contain any traces of the previous textural evolution anymore. In a basaltic trachyandesite at temperatures near the liquidus several phenomena, in particular the interactions between crystals, magmatic flow and bubbles during nucleation, growth and dissolution of crystals, and crystal-clusters were observed simultaneously. Crystal growth rates and dissolution rates were also measured

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In situstudy of magmatic processes: a new experimental approach

Cited by 10 publications

References 18 publications

In situ observations of bubble growth in basaltic, andesitic and rhyodacitic melts

In situ observations of bubble growth in basaltic, andesitic and rhyodacitic melts

Dynamic observations of vesiculation reveal the role of silicate crystals in bubble nucleation and growth in andesitic magmas

A moissanite cell apparatus for optical in situ observation of crystallizing melts at high temperature

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