<i>In situ</i> studies of strain dependent transport properties of conducting polymers on elastomeric substrates

Venugopalan, Vijay; Rao, Arun D.; Narayan, K. S.

doi:10.1063/1.3580514

Cited by 28 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 48 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The closeness of the calculated tensile moduli to those of the experimental values for a series of P3ATs is plotted in Fig. 78,80,112 Several methods of characterization can be used to correlate microstructure and texture to the mechanical properties for several conjugated polymers and polymer-fullerene blends. 28 2.1.6.…”

Section: Mechanical Properties Of Organic Semiconductorsmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…53,54 Drawn lms of P3HT exhibit highly anisotropic hole mobility, which has been noted by Vijay et al 112 and O'Connor et al 78 These studies highlight Energy & Environmental Science Review the importance of along-chain transport in the overall ability of a lm to transport charge. This effect has been known since early work on conjugated polymers, and is responsible for the extraordinarily high tensile strength of uniaxially aligned polyacetylene.…”

Section: Pre-catastrophic Failure Behaviormentioning

confidence: 85%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Mechanical degradation and stability of organic solar cells: molecular and microstructural determinants

Savagatrup

Printz

O’Connor

et al. 2015

Energy Environ. Sci.

217

256

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The mechanical properties of organic semiconductors and the mechanical failure mechanisms of devices play critical roles in the yield of modules in roll-to-roll manufacturing and the operational stability of organic solar cells (OSCs) in portable and outdoor applications. This paper begins by reviewing the mechanical propertiesprincipally stiffness and brittleness-of pure films of organic semiconductors. It identifies several determinants of the mechanical properties, including molecular structures, polymorphism, and microstructure and texture.Next, a discussion of the mechanical properties of polymer-fullerene bulk heterojunction blends reveals the strong influence of the size and purity of the fullerenes, the effect of processing additives as plasticizers, and the details of molecular mixing-i.e., the extent of intercalation of fullerene molecules between the side chains of the polymer. Mechanical strain in principle affects the photovoltaic output of devices in several ways, from strain-evolved changes in alignment of chains, degree of crystallinity, and orientation of texture, to debonding, cohesive failure, and cracking, which dominate changes in the high-strain regime. These conclusions highlight the importance of mechanical properties and mechanical effects on the viability of OSCs during manufacture and in operational environments. The review-whose focus is on molecular and microstructural determinants of mechanical properties-concludes by suggesting several potential routes to maximize both mechanical resilience and photovoltaic performance for improving the lifetime of devices in the near term and enabling devices that require extreme deformation (i.e., stretchability and ultra-flexibility) in the future. Broader contextOrganic solar cells (OSCs) are potentially an inexpensive source of renewable energy that can be manufactured at speeds that dwarf the rate at which wafer-based devices (i.e., silicon) can be fabricated. While low efficiencies of OSCs have historically been regarded as a major roadblock, the performance of this class of printable devices is improving rapidly, and module efficiencies of ten percent now seem possible. The susceptibility of polymer-based active layers to undergo thermally activated phase separation, photochemical damage, and other forms of degradation has motivated large and expanding literature devoted to understanding and improving the long-term stability of modules. Conspicuously absent from the literature, however, is a similar effort directed toward understanding the mechanical properties of organic semiconductors and their effects on the lifetime of devices against mechanical failure. The principal advantage of OSCs and all printed electronic devices is, nonetheless, roll-to-roll manufacturing on exible substrates. Manufacturing, installation, and use of these devices will thus require substantial mechanical resilience. Moreover, the ability to make devices on ultrathin plastic sheets-necessary to achieve low production energy for whole modules-requires that the acti...

show abstract

Section: Mechanical Properties Of Organic Semiconductorsmentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Pre-catastrophic Failure Behaviormentioning

confidence: 85%

Mechanical degradation and stability of organic solar cells: molecular and microstructural determinants

Savagatrup

Printz

O’Connor

et al. 2015

Energy Environ. Sci.

217

256

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…An advantage of this approach was that the surface could be patterned by selective photo‐crosslinking of PEGDA using masks, although the PDMS still required activation with an oxygen plasma to allow the adhesion of PEGDA. Nonsilicone‐based elastomers have also been used as substrates for PEDOT:PSS including SEBS, poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), and polyimide (PI) . In most cases, PEDOT:PSS supported on elastomers led to devices with a limited stretchability due to the intrinsic brittleness of the conductive polymer.…”

Section: Physical Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stretchable Conductive Polymers and Composites Based on PEDOT and PEDOT:PSS

2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The conductive polymer poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), and especially its complex with poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), is perhaps the most well‐known example of an organic conductor. It is highly conductive, largely transmissive to light, processible in water, and highly flexible. Much recent work on this ubiquitous material has been devoted to increasing its deformability beyond flexibility—a characteristic possessed by any material that is sufficiently thin—toward stretchability, a characteristic that requires engineering of the structure at the molecular‐ or nanoscale. Stretchability is the enabling characteristic of a range of applications envisioned for PEDOT in energy and healthcare, such as wearable, implantable, and large‐area electronic devices. High degrees of mechanical deformability allow intimate contact with biological tissues and solution‐processable printing techniques (e.g., roll‐to‐roll printing). PEDOT:PSS, however, is only stretchable up to around 10%. Here, the strategies that have been reported to enhance the stretchability of conductive polymers and composites based on PEDOT and PEDOT:PSS are highlighted. These strategies include blending with plasticizers or polymers, deposition on elastomers, formation of fibers and gels, and the use of intrinsically stretchable scaffolds for the polymerization of PEDOT.

show abstract

“…Subsequently, 1 · 1.2 cm rectangular substrates were cut and plasma treated for 2 min, at 0.5 bar pressure and 0.08 A current. The aqueous dispersion of PEDOT:PSS (Agfa, Orgacon Printing Ink EL-P3040) was spin coated on SEBS substrates at 2500 rpm for 60 s to obtain films of *90 nm thickness which were annealed at 65°C for 12 h. 37 The setup for straining the PEDOT:PSS coated SEBS substrates was a homebuilt setup with a calibrated screw gauge. Substrates were strained by clamping at the two ends and were uniaxially strained to different strain regimes of 10%, 20%, 30%, and 5 cycles of 30% strain (Supplementary Fig.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Application of strain increases the surface conductance of the PEDOT:PSS coated SEBS substrates in a manner similar to our previous results. 37 AFM images of the substrates revealed the changes in CONDUCTING POLYMERS FOR NEURONAL DIFFERENTIATIONnanotopographical features of CP-coated SEBS substrates with the application of strain ( Supplementary Fig. S2).…”

Section: Properties Of Conducting Substrates Change On Application Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuronal Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cell Derived Neuronal Progenitors Can Be Regulated by Stretchable Conducting Polymers

Srivastava

Venugopalan²,

Divya³

et al. 2013

Tissue Engineering Part A

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Electrically conducting polymers are prospective candidates as active substrates for the development of neuroprosthetic devices. The utility of these substrates for promoting differentiation of embryonic stem cells paves viable routes for regenerative medicine. Here, we have tuned the electrical and mechanical cues provided to the embryonic stem cells during differentiation by precisely straining the conducting polymer (CP) coated, elastomeric-substrate. Upon straining the substrates, the neural differentiation pattern occurs in form of aggregates, accompanied by a gradient where substrate interface reveals a higher degree of differentiation. The CP domains align under linear stress along with the formation of local defect patterns leading to disruption of actin cytoskeleton of cells, and can provide a mechano-transductive basis for the observed changes in the differentiation. Our results demonstrate that along with biochemical and mechanical cues, conductivity of the polymer plays a major role in cellular differentiation thereby providing another control feature to modulate the differentiation and proliferation of stem cells.

show abstract

In situ studies of strain dependent transport properties of conducting polymers on elastomeric substrates

Cited by 28 publications

References 48 publications

Mechanical degradation and stability of organic solar cells: molecular and microstructural determinants

Mechanical degradation and stability of organic solar cells: molecular and microstructural determinants

Stretchable Conductive Polymers and Composites Based on PEDOT and PEDOT:PSS

Neuronal Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cell Derived Neuronal Progenitors Can Be Regulated by Stretchable Conducting Polymers

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About