In situ polymerization of PEDOT:PSS films based on EMI-TFSI and the analysis of electrochromic performance

Abstract

In this report, PEDOT composite films were prepared by in situ electrochemical polymerization. 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazole bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (EMI-TFSI) was used as an ionic liquid dopant for PEDOT:PSS films. Subsequently, these PEDOT:PSS/EMI-TFSI films were compared with PEDOT:PSS films based on their morphology, structure, electrochromic properties, and optical properties at different deposition voltages and deposition times. It was observed that the addition of EMI-TFSI enhanced all the aforementioned properties of the films. PEDOT:PSS/EMI-TFSI films were seen to have a larger ion diffusion coefficient (1.38 × 10−20 cm2·s−1), a wider color change range (43.48%), a shorter response time (coloring response time = 1.2 s; fade response time = 2 s), and a higher coloring efficiency (189.86 cm2·C−1) when compared with normal PEDOT:PSS films. The introduction of EMI-TFSI in the films ultimately resulted in superior electrochemical and optical properties along with higher stability.

Deposition of PEDOT:PSS via Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Torch

“…[ 4 ] One of the possible solutions is to use poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS), which is composed of positively charged p‐doped PEDOT and negatively charged PSS. [ 5 ] Compared to oxidized PEDOT, which is highly conductive but insoluble in water, adding PSS improves PEDOT dispersion in water and promotes a stable PEDOT structure through Coulombic attractions. [ 6 ] This chemical configuration provides enhanced and tunable electrical properties, [ 7 ] stretchability, and flexibility.…”

“…[ 18 ] In the first case, there are well‐known technical methods, such as dip coating, [ 19 ] spin coating, [ 20 ] electrospray deposition, [ 21 ] and inject printing. [ 22 ] The second case includes polymerization‐based deposition [ 23 ] electrochemical polymerization, [ 5 ] vapor‐phase polymerization (VPP), [ 24 ] and polymerization through chemical vapor deposition (CVD). [ 25 ] In the polymerization‐based process, the EDOT monomer and the oxidant agent are mixed in an alcoholic solvent, and the mixture is then cast on a substrate, with further annealing and washing, allowing the inexpensive and simple deposition on a wide range of substrates, [ 23 ] while electrochemical polymerization is performed by means of electric fields and requires a conductive substrate, such as Au or glassy carbon.…”

“…[18] In the first case, there are well-known technical methods, such as dip coating, [19] spin coating, [20] electrospray deposition, [21] and inject printing. [22] The second case includes polymerization-based deposition [23] electrochemical polymerization, [5] vapor-phase polymerization (VPP), [24] and polymerization through chemical vapor deposition (CVD). [25] In the polymerization-based process, the EDOT monomer and the oxidant agent are mixed in an alcoholic solvent, and the…”

Growth and design strategies of organic dendritic networks

“…The experimental setup is typically composed of metal electrodes separated by an electrolytic solution containing a monomer which, upon the application of a voltage higher than its oxidation potential, polymerizes and forms a conductive polymer (CP). Direct current (DC) polymerization has largely been used to cover metal pads with polymeric films [7] for enhancing the devices' electrochromic properties [8], for optimizing dye-synthesized solar cells [9], for enhanced sensing [10] and bioelectronics [11,12], and evolvable circuitry [13,14]. This DC electropolymerization results in closed films covering the electrodes.…”

Aqueous in‐situ electrosynthesis and electrochromic performance of PEDOT:PSS/Reline film

“…As a consequence, polystyrenesulfonic acid (PSS) is introduced to combine with the polymer to improve the solubility in aqueous system 9 . PSS also serves as a template for PEDOT polymerization and a charge‐balancing dopant in the as‐fabricated composite 10,11 . However, conductivity and stability properties will decrease with the addition of PSS 12 .…”