<i>In situ</i> growth rates of marine phytoplankton: approaches to measurement, community and species growth rates

Furnas, Miles

doi:10.1093/plankt/12.6.1117

Cited by 281 publications

(202 citation statements)

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“…However, in summer, picophytoplankton, and notably Ostreococcus tauri, production is largely responsible for the strong increase of P :B ratios (Courties et al 1994). O. tauri was reported to have a maximum growth rate of 4.2 divisions d -1 in cultures (Courties et al 1998), which can match those of diatoms (Furnas 1990). The effect of shellfish farming on phytoplanktonic group abundance was studied in parallel to our daily sampling by Vaquer et al (1996).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Influence of shellfish farming activities on the biogeochemical composition of the water column in Thau lagoon

Souchu

Vaquer²,

Collos³

et al. 2001

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

146

108

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Thau lagoon is a Mediterranean shellfish ecosystem with large biomasses of oysters growing in waters with high residence time due to low tidal ranges. The influence of filter feeders (oysters and their epibiota) on the spatial distribution of particulate and dissolved compounds in the water column of Thau lagoon was studied through its variation with time. In 1991/1992, daily variations were investigated in pens, corridors and outside shellfish farming zones for nutrients, chlorophyll a and primary production. Salinity, dissolved oxygen, nutrients, organic matter and chlorophyll a were also monitored in surface waters inside and outside shellfish farming zones each week from January 1993 to March 1994. The presence of shellfish farms led to a decrease by only a few percent of oxygen concentrations in their vicinity, but the mean (± SE) deficits of chlorophyll a and POC concentrations were 44 ± 4% and 26 ± 9% respectively in the eastern zone (8 m). The shift induced by filter feeders in phytoplankton composition favoured picophytoplankton with higher growth rates. But the summer increase in phytoplankton growth rate was stronger than the positive feedback due to filter feeder filtration. Summer was determinant for the growth of oysters owing to enhanced regenerated primary production. During this period, filter feeders were not food limited, while they tended to control phytoplankton biomasses and production the rest of the year. The nutrient excess in shellfish farming zones was highly significant, with increases of 73 ± 16, 36 ± 12 and 19 ± 8% for ammonia, phosphates and silicate respectively in the eastern zone. In the western zone, the nutrient excess was less strong by half for ammonia and phosphate, because the lower depth (4 m) allows light to reach the bottom and enables benthic macroflora to grow on nutrients of benthic origin. The decline of phytoplankton biomasses in shellfish farms induced a decrease in the nutrient demand, especially for ammonia. This situation was likely to favour nitrification, which led during autumn to higher nitrate concentrations within shellfish farming zones than outside. Therefore, filter feeders were able to alter the dominant biogeochemical process in the water column by stimulating nitrification. KEY WORDS: Suspension-feeding bivalves · Phytoplankton · Nutrient cycling · Carrying capacity · Thau lagoonResale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisher

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Influence of shellfish farming activities on the biogeochemical composition of the water column in Thau lagoon

Souchu

Vaquer²,

Collos³

et al. 2001

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

146

108

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“…Swift and Durbin 1972;Braunwarth and Sommer 1985). Such estimates appear to be repeatable and to provide reasonable estimates of growth, as shown for tintinnid populations (Heinbokel 19SS), but no estimates of heterotrophic nanoflagellate growth have been made with this technique and no direct comparison has been made between in situ and in vitro growth estimates (Furnas 1990).…”

mentioning

confidence: 76%

“…ingly yielded conservative estimates of community growth (Furnas 1990). These findings underscore the difficulty in estimating protozoan growth from bottle incubations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth and production of planktonic protozoa in Lake Michigan: In situ versus in vitro comparisons and importance to food web dynamics

1992

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Growth of an entire planktonic protozoan community in Lake Michigan (nanoflagellates, microflagellatcs, and ciliates) was measured on 10 dates in 1988-l 989 in fractionated lake water (<3, ~8, < 30, and < 153 pm) incubated in bottles (in vitro), while in June and July 1989, in vitro growth rate estimates were compared with in situ growth rates derived from the mitotic index. Comparisons of in situ vs. in vitro growth rates for the taxa assayed were similar, indicating that in vitro experiments provide reasonable estimates of protozoan growth, and these rates were similar to those measured from other oligotrophic/mesotrophic habitats. However, containment artifacts in some bottle experiments influenced community growth as some taxa experienced mortality in bottles, thus underscoring the importance of ccnsusing the entire community. Protozoa in Lake Michigan contribute significantly to both heterotrophic and phototrophic carbon pools; phototrophic llagcllates represented 24% of primary production, while heterotrophic nanoflagellates and ciliates collectively constituted 40% of bacterial production. The fate of high bacterial production can be accounted for through grazing by both heterotrophic nanoflagellates and ciliates, indicating the trophic importance of protozoa in Lake Michigan.

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“…This point is particularly emphasized in light of the difficulty we and others have pointed out about relying strictly on size-fractionation techniques to draw conclusions about the importance of small phytoplankton. Moreover, inaccurate plankton abundance estimates are further compounded when used to calculate species-specific and groupspecific growth rates, where the overemphasis on one or a small subset of populations can be biased by the specific enumeration technique used (Furnes 1990;Carrick et al 1992). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Have we overlooked the importance of small phytoplankton in productive waters?

Carrick

Schelske

1997

Limnology & Oceanography

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The idea that phytoplankton size structure increases with elevated nutrient content in lakes may be inaccurate because phototrophic picoplankton (Ppico) abundance was not accounted for in studies that originally described this phenomenon. The biomass, composition, and production of an entire phytoplankton community was evaluated in hypereutrophic Lake Apopka, Florida (avg chlorophyll = 105 pg liter-', y1 = 20) for 1 yr. Ppico cell abundances commonly exceed 10' cells ml -I, and size-fractionated chlorophyll (<5 pm) and algal enumeration (cells <2 pm in size) indicate that pica-size cyanobacteria contribute significantly to phytoplankton biomass throughout the year (avg 30%, n = 15), even though clogging of small pore-sized filters used in chlorophyll fractionation studies led to underestimation of Ppico biomass estimates. Ppico production contributed nearly 30% (n = 8) to total phytoplankton production. The quantitative importance of Ppico in Lake Apopka and eight other hypereutrophic systems in Florida (avg 50% Chl <5 pm) indicates that Ppico can be important in waters of high nutrient content. The importance of small phytoplankton in productive waters may have been overlooked because (1) most studies focus on relatively pristine ecosystems, (2) some methodological constraints may impede studies in eutrophic environments (filtration artifacts), and (3) routine assessment of phytoplankton abundance rarely censuses all components of the community, including small algae.

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In situ growth rates of marine phytoplankton: approaches to measurement, community and species growth rates

Cited by 281 publications

References 0 publications

Influence of shellfish farming activities on the biogeochemical composition of the water column in Thau lagoon

Influence of shellfish farming activities on the biogeochemical composition of the water column in Thau lagoon

Growth and production of planktonic protozoa in Lake Michigan: In situ versus in vitro comparisons and importance to food web dynamics

Have we overlooked the importance of small phytoplankton in productive waters?

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