In situ generation of peroxynitrite (ONOO⁻) for enhanced antibacterial photodynamic therapy

Abstract

Antibacterial photodynamic therapy (PDT) as a valuable strategy to combat with bacteria is always limited by the short lifespan, high oxygen-dependence, and narrow therapeutic distance of the singlet oxygen generated...

A type I and type II chemical biology toolbox to overcome the hypoxic tumour microenvironment for photodynamic therapy

“…PDP@NORM shows a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity, including against Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive) and Escherichia coli (Gram-negative). 45 In addition, type I photosensitizer TPFN-AzoCF 3 has been rationally designed and synthesized to address the limitations of hypoxia during photodynamic therapy (Fig. 8a).…”

Dynamics of NO, N2O, and ONOOH in atmospheric-pressure air dielectric barrier discharge: decoupling energy density and gas temperature effects varying with discharge voltage

“…Nitrous oxide (N 2 O), which is also known as laughing gas, exerts a mild anesthetic effect that reduces pain; thus, it is typically used in dentistry and minor surgeries [13,14]. Peroxynitrous acid (ONOOH), which is a strong oxidant and nitrating agent, is crucial in the antibacterial defense of organisms and can traverse biological membranes to damage cellular components owing to its significant cytotoxicity, thereby inducing the death of harmful cells [15,16].…”

Galactosyl BODIPY-based nanoparticles as a type-I photosensitizer for HepG2 cell targeted photodynamic therapy

“…In the type-II process, a triplet-triplet energy transfer occurs between 3 PS* and oxygen to generate the active singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 ). [6][7][8] In contrast, the type-I process involves a cascade of electron or proton transfer between the 3 PS* and adjacent oxygen to afford superoxide (O 2 c − ), hydroxyl radicals (OHc), or other ROS (Fig. S1 †).…”