“…Aptamer-based biosensors employ aptamers as recognition elements linked to a physical signal transducer, translating the binding interaction between the aptamer and its target into a detectable signal, thereby facilitating precise and selective identication of particular analytes. 12,13 The use of aptamers, which are single-stranded DNA or RNA oligonucleotides, in biosensing as specic receptors for quick screening of disease biomarkers has garnered signicant interest. To replace antibodies, which are oen costly and subject to degradation, aptamer-based biosensing devices are used.…”