<i>In silico</i> design of additively manufacturable composite synthetic vascular conduits and grafts with tuneable compliance

Byrne, Oisín; Coulter, Fergal B.; Roche, Ellen T.; O’Cearbhaill, Eoin D.

doi:10.1039/d0bm02169e

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 43 publications

(81 reference statements)

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“…However, the developed graft experienced unraveling and poor mechanical performance in the wet state. Loewen et al 182 incorporated structural and material elasticity by combining elastic PCU and PVDF in a warp knitted construct. The elastic yarn was fed into the warp knitting machine at a constant thread tension to produce a lock-knit structure.…”

Section: Strategies To Prevent Intimal Hyperplasia In Vascular Graftsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Elastin fibers (elastic modulus: ∼0.6–1 MPa) bear the initial strain imposed by pulsatile pressure. With increasing pressure, the coiled collagen fibers (elastic modulus around ∼1 GPa) straighten up and substantially stiffen to bear the increasing load and protect the vessel from bursting. , The schematic in Figure shows the response of the arterial wall to increasing pulsatile pressure and its effect on compliance.…”

Section: Strategies To Prevent Intimal Hyperplasia In Vascular Graftsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review of Polymeric Biomimetic Small-Diameter Vascular Grafts to Tackle Intimal Hyperplasia

2022

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Small-diameter artificial vascular grafts (SDAVG) are used to bypass blood flow in arterial occlusive diseases such as coronary heart or peripheral arterial disease. However, SDAVGs are plagued by restenosis after a short while due to thrombosis and the thickening of the neointimal wall known as intimal hyperplasia (IH). The specific causes of IH have not yet been deduced; however, thrombosis formation due to bioincompatibility as well as a mismatch between the biomechanical properties of the SDAVG and the native artery has been attributed to its initiation. The main challenges that have been faced in fabricating SDAVGs are facilitating rapid re-endothelialization of the luminal surface of the SDAVG and replicating the complex viscoelastic behavior of the arteries. Recent strategies to combat IH formation have been mostly based on imitating the natural structure and function of the native artery (biomimicry). Thus, most recently, developed grafts contain a multilayered structure with a designated function for each layer. This paper reviews the current polymeric, biomimetic SDAVGs in preventing the formation of IH. The materials used in fabrication, challenges, and strategies employed to tackle IH are summarized and discussed, and we focus on the multilayered structure of current SDAVGs. Additionally, the future aspects in this area are pointed out for researchers to consider in their endeavor.

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Section: Strategies To Prevent Intimal Hyperplasia In Vascular Graftsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Strategies To Prevent Intimal Hyperplasia In Vascular Graftsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Polymeric Biomimetic Small-Diameter Vascular Grafts to Tackle Intimal Hyperplasia

2022

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“…Such a tessellated architecture has been developed to mimic the natural anisotropic compliance of an artery, where the vessel is more compliant in the circumferential than the longitudinal direction. [21] Formulations with permanent or dynamic covalent bonds were printed into dogbone samples to investigate the effect of the chemical bond nature on the creep resistance and self-healing properties of the silicones (Figure 3a,d). Creep tests were performed by applying a stress of 0.2 MPa for 90 min to each specimen, following a standardized protocol.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D‐Printed Architectured Silicones with Autonomic Self‐Healing and Creep‐Resistant Behavior

Menasce,

Libanori,

Coulter

et al. 2024

Advanced Materials

Self Cite

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Self‐healing silicones that are able to restore the functionalities and extend the lifetime of soft devices hold great potential in many applications. However, currently available silicones need to be triggered to self‐heal or suffer from creep‐induced irreversible deformation during use. Here, we design and print silicone objects that are programmed at the molecular and architecture levels to achieve self‐healing at room temperature while simultaneously resisting creep. At the molecular scale, dioxaborolanes moieties are incorporated into silicones to synthesize self‐healing vitrimers, whereas conventional covalent bonds are exploited to make creep‐resistant elastomers. When combined into architectured printed parts at a coarser length scale, layered materials exhibit fast healing at room temperature without compromising the elastic recovery obtained from covalent polymer networks. A patient‐specific vascular phantom is printed to demonstrate the potential of architectured silicones in creating damage‐resilient functional devices using molecularly designed elastomer materials.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

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“…Tri-layered grafts are gaining traction in small-diameter blood vessel tissue engineering as a strategy to reduce the mechanical incompatibilities associated with homogeneous grafts ( 19 ). FE analysis has the potential to rapidly accelerate the design process for engineering biomimetic synthetic grafts by highlighting the parameters which promote specific mechanical behaviours ( 50 ). However, its use in the design and validation of multilayered synthetic arterial grafts is relatively unexplored.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Simulation of the Biomechanics of Multi-Layered Composite Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Coronary Artery Grafts

Fegan

Green²,

Britton³

et al. 2022

Front. Cardiovasc. Med.

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Coronary artery disease is among the primary causes of death worldwide. While synthetic grafts allow replacement of diseased tissue, mismatched mechanical properties between graft and native tissue remains a major cause of graft failure. Multi-layered grafts could overcome these mechanical incompatibilities by mimicking the structural heterogeneity of the artery wall. However, the layer-specific biomechanics of synthetic grafts under physiological conditions and their impact on endothelial function is often overlooked and/or poorly understood. In this study, the transmural biomechanics of four synthetic graft designs were simulated under physiological pressure, relative to the coronary artery wall, using finite element analysis. Using poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/gelatin cryogel as the representative biomaterial, the following conclusions are drawn: (I) the maximum circumferential stress occurs at the luminal surface of both the grafts and the artery; (II) circumferential stress varies discontinuously across the media and adventitia, and is influenced by the stiffness of the adventitia; (III) unlike native tissue, PVA/gelatin does not exhibit strain stiffening below diastolic pressure; and (IV) for both PVA/gelatin and native tissue, the magnitude of stress and strain distribution is heavily dependent on the constitutive models used to model material hyperelasticity. While these results build on the current literature surrounding PVA-based arterial grafts, the proposed method has exciting potential toward the wider design of multi-layer scaffolds. Such finite element analyses could help guide the future validation of multi-layered grafts for the treatment of coronary artery disease.

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In silico design of additively manufacturable composite synthetic vascular conduits and grafts with tuneable compliance

Abstract: Benchtop testing of endovascular medical devices under accurately simulated physiological conditions is a critical part of device evaluation prior to clinical assessment. Currently, glass, acrylic and silicone vascular models are...

Cited by 7 publications

References 43 publications

Review of Polymeric Biomimetic Small-Diameter Vascular Grafts to Tackle Intimal Hyperplasia

Review of Polymeric Biomimetic Small-Diameter Vascular Grafts to Tackle Intimal Hyperplasia

3D‐Printed Architectured Silicones with Autonomic Self‐Healing and Creep‐Resistant Behavior

Design and Simulation of the Biomechanics of Multi-Layered Composite Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Coronary Artery Grafts

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