<i>In silico</i> characterization, molecular docking, and dynamic simulation of a novel fungal cell-death suppressing effector, MoRlpA as potential cathepsin B-like cysteine protease inhibitor during rice blast infection

Sarkar, Debrup; Majumder, Satyabrata; Giri, Kalyan; Sabnam, Nazmiara

doi:10.1080/07391102.2022.2139763

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 116 publications

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“…Three C. cinerea cerato-platanin genes showed significant downregulation in Δsnb1 . Structurally, cerato-platanins show a double-Ψ-ꞵ-barrel (DPBB) topology of the RlpA superfamily, an architecture that is also typical to further proteins, like expansins (58, 59), certain endoglucanases (60) and virulence factors of plant pathogens (61, 62). An additional interesting example with this domain structure is the DEG ID: 421450, showing the highest upregulation (FC: 21.86) in Δsnb1 strain.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Snowball: a novel gene family required for developmental patterning in fruiting bodies of mushroom-forming fungi (Agaricomycetes)

Földi,

Merényi,

Balázs

et al. 2023

Preprint

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The morphogenesis of sexual fruiting bodies of fungi is a complex process determined by a genetically encoded program. Fruiting bodies reached the highest complexity levels in the Agaricomycetes, yet, the underlying genetics is currently poorly known. In this work, we functionally characterized a highly conserved unannotated gene termedsnb1, whose expression level increases rapidly during fruiting body initiation. According to phylogenetic analyses, orthologues ofsnb1are present in almost all agaricomycetes and may represent a novel conserved gene family that plays a substantial role in fruiting body development. We disruptedsnb1using CRISPR/Cas9 in the agaricomycete model organismCoprinopsis cinerea. Snb1deletion mutants formed unique, snowball-shaped, rudimentary fruiting bodies that could not differentiate caps, stipes and lamellae. We took advantage of this phenotype to study fruiting body differentiation using RNA-Seq analyses. This revealed differentially regulated genes and gene families that, based on wild-type RNA-Seq data, were upregulated early during development and showed tissue-specific expression, underscoring their potential role in differentiation. Taken together, the novel gene family ofsnb1and the differentially expressed genes in thesnb1mutants provide valuable insights into the complex mechanisms underlying developmental patterning in the Agaricomycetes.ImportanceFruiting bodies of mushroom-forming fungi (Agaricomycetes) are complex multicellular structures, with a spatially and temporally integrated developmental program that is, however, currently poorly known. In this study we present a novel, conserved gene family, Snowball (snb), termed after the unique, differentiation-less fruiting body morphology ofsnb1knockout strains in the model mushroomCoprinopsis cinerea. Snbis a hitherto unannotated gene that is highly conserved among agaricomycetes and encodes a protein of unknown function. A comparative transcriptomic analysis of the early developmental stages of differentiated wild-type and non-differentiated mutant fruiting bodies revealed conserved differentially expressed genes which may be related to tissue differentiation and developmental patterning fruiting body development.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Snowball: a novel gene family required for developmental patterning in fruiting bodies of mushroom-forming fungi (Agaricomycetes)

Földi,

Merényi,

Balázs

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…The identification of M. oryzae effectors, their localization, function, and interactions requires researchers to take a multidisciplinary approach to examine potential effectors, with a large portion of initial work beginning in silico (Ray et al 2016;Sarkar et al 2022). With the rise of machine learning technologies, many programs can utilize gene sequences to predict secretion signals (SignalP) or overall effector characteristics such as protein size, charge, and amino acid compositions (EffectorP) (Almagro Armenteros et al 2019;Sperschneider et al 2015Sperschneider et al , 2016Sperschneider et al , 2018.…”

Section: Unlocking the Secrets Of True Identitymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Phantom Menace: latest findings on effector biology in the rice blast fungus

Fernandez

2023

aBIOTECH

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Magnaporthe oryzae is a hemibiotrophic fungus responsible for the economically devastating and recalcitrant rice blast disease. However, the blast fungus is not only restricted to rice plants as it can also infect wheat, millet, and other crops. Despite previous outstanding discoveries aimed to understand and control the disease, the fungus remains one of the most important pathogens that threatens global food security. To cause disease, M. oryzae initiates morphological changes to attach, penetrate, and colonize rice cells, all while suppressing plant immune defenses that would otherwise hinder its proliferation. As such, M. oryzae actively secretes a battery of small proteins called “effectors” to manipulate host machinery. In this review, we summarize the latest findings in effector identification, expression, regulation, and functionality. We review the most studied effectors and their roles in pathogenesis. Additionally, we discern the current methodologies to structurally catalog effectors, and we highlight the importance of climate change and its impact on the future of rice blast disease.

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Recognition of the inducible, secretory small protein OsSSP1 by the membrane receptor OsSSR1 and the co-receptor OsBAK1 confers rice resistance to the blast fungus

Zhao,

Ma,

Kong

et al. 2024

Molecular Plant

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In silico characterization, molecular docking, and dynamic simulation of a novel fungal cell-death suppressing effector, MoRlpA as potential cathepsin B-like cysteine protease inhibitor during rice blast infection

Cited by 5 publications

References 116 publications

Snowball: a novel gene family required for developmental patterning in fruiting bodies of mushroom-forming fungi (Agaricomycetes)

Snowball: a novel gene family required for developmental patterning in fruiting bodies of mushroom-forming fungi (Agaricomycetes)

The Phantom Menace: latest findings on effector biology in the rice blast fungus

Recognition of the inducible, secretory small protein OsSSP1 by the membrane receptor OsSSR1 and the co-receptor OsBAK1 confers rice resistance to the blast fungus

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