Hypocrea crystalligena sp. nov., a common European species with a white-spored Trichoderma anamorph

Abstract

The new species Hypocrea crystalligena (Hypocreales, Ascomycota, Fungi) is described as a holomorph and characterized based on an integrated phenotypic and phylogenetic approach, using teleomorph and anamorph morphologies, culture studies and analyses of phylogenetic markers including internal transcribed spacer 1 and 2 (ITS1 and 2), two last introns of the translation elongation factor 1-alpha encoding gene (tef1), and a portion of the rpb2 gene, encoding the second largest RNA polymerase subunit. Stromata of H. crystalligena show similarities with those of species from Trichoderma sect. Trichoderma but differ in several respects, including color, presence of white crystals on the surface and small ascospores. Colonies on CMD appear distinct, form colorless to white crystals on isolation, a yellowish to brown pigment and an anamorph with hyaline conidia exhibiting verticillium-like to gliocladium-like structural elements. ITS1 and 2 sequences exhibit all genus-specific features but also contain several unique hallmarks permitting development of a species-diagnostic barcode. Based on the analyses of partial rpb2 and tef1 sequences, H. crystalligena constitutes a separate evolutionary lineage with H. megalocitrina and H. psychrophila as its nearest neighbors. All these species form one phylogenetic clade with the H. pulvinata/H. citrina node.

European species of Hypocrea Part I. The green-spored species

“…Thirty-seven Hypocrea species were undescribed in an early phase of the project. Of these, Samuels and collaborators (Lu & Samuels 2003, Samuels et al 2006, Degenkolb et al 2008a) described four ( H. petersenii, H. rodmanii, H. rogersonii, H. stilbohypoxyli ), Overton and collaborators (2006b) described two ( H. alcalifuscescens, H. parmastoi ), and Jaklitsch and collaborators (2005, 2006a, b, 2008a, b, c) described seven ( H. alni, H. brunneoviridis, H. crystalligena, H. decipiens, H. seppoi, H. viridescens, H. voglmayrii ). The residual new species will be described in two parts.…”

“…Jaklitsch et al (2005, 2006a) described two new European species: Hypocrea voglmayrii , representing a clade of its own, also remarkable for its growth at 35 °C although found at altitudes above 1000 m, and Hypocrea crystalligena with a white-conidial anamorph, white crystals formed on the stroma surface and in culture, a species belonging to the Psychrophila clade despite its teleomorph morphology suggesting sect. Trichoderma .…”

“…2008a). Several studies have consistently shown that tef1 introns provide the highest power of resolution within clades (Samuels et al 2006, Jaklitsch et al 2006a, b). From subsequent molecular analyses, it became clear that subgeneric sections of Trichoderma as defined by Bissett (1991a), particularly sect.…”

The Rhizosphere of Coffea Arabica in Its Native Highland Forests of Ethiopia Provides a Niche for a Distinguished Diversity of Trichoderma

“…10 g of soil samples (if necessary pulverized by means of a mortar and pestle, and passed through a 0.5 mm soil screen mesh to remove large debris and root fragments; [39] ) were suspended in 90 mL sterile distilled water and thoroughly mixed. A 10 mL aliquot was then used to prepare a series of dilutions in the range of 10 -1 to 10 -3 , and inoculated on to potato dextrose agar (PDA), malt extract agar (MEA) and synthetic low nutrient agar (SNA) [40], each supplemented with streptomycin (50 mg/L) to prevent bacterial growth. Three replicates were done for each medium and soil sample.…”

New Sequences, Constituents, and Producers of Peptaibiotics: An Update Review

“…Many more -detected in sapwood of trunks of Theobroma spp., Cola spp., Fagus sylvatica (beech), Scalesia pedunculata (Daisy tree, Asteraceae), and in the woody liana Ancistroderma korupensis -have recently been described [84] [85]. To continue, two new species of Hypocrea, H. voglmayrii [86] and H. cristalligena [87], have also been published.…”