<i>Honeggeriella complexa</i> gen. et sp. nov., a heteromerous lichen from the Lower Cretaceous of Vancouver Island (British Columbia, Canada)

Matsunaga, Kelly K. S.; Stockey, Ruth A.; Tomescu, Alexandru M. F.

doi:10.3732/ajb.1200470

Cited by 36 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Scanning electron microscopy has been widely used to study the structures of extant lichens, and it was recently also used to image a permineralized fossil lichen specimen preserved in a marine carbonate concretion (Matsunaga et al, 2013). This technique is especially valuable for the study of amber preserved lichen fossils, since the ultrastructural preservation is often exquisite.…”

Section: Ultrastructural Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Usually, the size of green algae photobionts of extant lichens is between 6 and 30 µm, while the individual cells of cyanobacteria are somewhat smaller, 1-15 µm (Matsunaga et al, 2013). The actual interaction interface shows no signs of cell intruding haustoria, but the hyphae are in very close contact with the photobiont cell surface.…”

Section: Assignment Of the Fossilized Lichen-symbiotic Partnersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The size and globular form of the cells would suggest a trebouxioid green algal or possibly a cyanobacterial photobiont of the genus Nostoc. Generally trebouxioid photobionts are sized over 10 µm (Matsunaga et al, 2013), but smaller sizes down to 4 µm have also been reported from lichen thalli (Ascaso and Valladeres, 1991;Beck, 1999). The size of Nostoc cyanobionts is known to vary at least between 3 and 7 µm (Bergman and Hällbom, 1982;Koriem and Ahmadjian, 1986).…”

Section: Assignment Of the Fossilized Lichen-symbiotic Partnersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many reported finds have therefore been challenged for being notional and not proving evidence of a physiological interaction (see, for example, Waggoner, 1995;Taylor et al, 2009, for review). The oldest putative lichen fossil is 2.5 billion years old (Neoarchean) and consists of agglutinated hyphae around a central cord (Hallbauer et al, 1977); however, no photobionts were observed to conclusively prove a lichen nature (Matsunaga et al, 2013). The oldest generally accepted records of lichens derive from Early Devonian rocks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…410-million-year-old Rhynie chert is a cyanolichen that has two different cyanobacteria as photobionts (Taylor et al, 1997;Karatygin et al, 2009). In the Early Devonian Cyanolichenomycites devonicus (Honegger et al, 2013) the symbiosis is established between an ascomycete mycobiont and cyanobacteria that are reminiscent of the extant genus Nostoc, whereas Chlorolichenomycites salopensis from the Early Cretaceous of Vancouver Island has green algae as photobionts (Matsunaga et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lichen preservation in amber: morphology, ultrastructure, chemofossils, and taphonomic alteration

Hartl¹,

Schmidt²,

Heinrichs³

et al. 2015

Foss. Rec.

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Abstract. The fossil record of lichens is scarce and many putative fossil lichens do not show an actual physiological relationship between mycobionts and photobionts or a typical habit, and are therefore disputed. Amber has preserved a huge variety of organisms in microscopic fidelity, and so the study of amber fossils is promising for elucidating the fossil history of lichens. However, so far it has not been tested as to how amber inclusions of lichens are preserved regarding their internal characters, ultrastructure, and chemofossils. Here, we apply light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and Raman spectroscopy to an amber-preserved Eocene lichen in order to gain information about the preservation of the fossil. The lichen thallus displays lifelike tissue preservation including the upper and lower cortex, medulla, photobiont layer, apothecia, and soredia. SEM analysis revealed globular photobiont cells in contact with the fungal hyphae, as well as impressions of possible former crystals of lichen compounds. EDX analysis permitted the differentiation between halite and pyrite crystals inside the lichen which were likely formed during the later diagenesis of the amber piece. Raman spectroscopy revealed the preservation of organic compounds and a difference between the composition of the cortex and the medulla of the fossil.

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Section: Ultrastructural Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Assignment Of the Fossilized Lichen-symbiotic Partnersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Assignment Of the Fossilized Lichen-symbiotic Partnersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lichen preservation in amber: morphology, ultrastructure, chemofossils, and taphonomic alteration

Hartl¹,

Schmidt²,

Heinrichs³

et al. 2015

Foss. Rec.

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A new phylogeny of the cladoxylopsid plexus: contribution of an early cladoxylopsid from the Lower Devonian (Emsian) of Quebec

Durieux

Lopez

Bronson

et al. 2021

American J of Botany

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Premise: Cladoxylopsids formed Earth's earliest forests and gave rise to the ancestors of sphenopsids and ferns. Lower Devonian (Emsian) strata of the Battery Point Formation (Quebec, Canada) contain new anatomically preserved cladoxylopsids, one of which is described in this article. To assess the phylogenetic position of this fossil and address questions of cladoxylopsid phylogeny, we conducted a comprehensive phylogenetic study. Methods: Permineralized axes were studied in serial sections using the cellulose acetate peel technique. We evaluated phylogenetic relationships among cladoxylopsids using a data set of 36 new morphological characters and 31 species, in parsimonyconstrained analyses. Results: We describe Adelocladoxis praecox gen. et sp. nov., a cladoxylopsid with small actinostelic axes bearing dichotomously branched, helically arranged ultimate appendages and fusiform sporangia. Adelocladoxis provides the oldest evidence of cladoxylopsid anatomy, including ultimate appendages and sporangia. In agreement with non-phylogenetic classification schemes, our phylogenetic analysis resolves a basal grade of iridopterids and a clade of cladoxylopsids s.s., which includes a pseudosporochnalean cladoxylopsid clade, a cladoxylalean cladoxylopsid clade, and Adelocladoxis. Conclusions: Our phylogenetic analysis illuminates aspects of tempo and mode of evolution in the cladoxylopsid plexus. Originating prior to the Emsian, cladoxylopsids reached global distribution by the Frasnian. Iridopterids and cladoxylopsids s.s. radiated in the Emsian-Eifelian. The sequence of character change recovered by our phylogeny supports a transition from actinostelic protosteles to dissected steles, associated with an increase in xylem rib number and medullation generating a central parenchymatous area.

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A novel cupulate seed plant, Xadzigacalix quatsinoensis gen. et sp. nov., provides new insight into the Mesozoic radiation of gymnosperms

Klymiuk

Rothwell

Stockey

2022

American J of Botany

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Premise Anatomically preserved evidence for a novel clade of gymnosperms emphasizes diversity of seed plants immediately prior to the appearance of angiosperm fossils in the paleontological record. Methods Cupulate seeds from the Early Cretaceous Apple Bay locality (Vancouver Island) are described from serial cellulose acetate peels and three‐dimensional reconstruction. Phylogenetic context is assessed through the comparative analysis of gymnosperm seed producing fructifications and maximum parsimony analysis of a revised morphological data set for seed plant phylogeny. Results Xadzigacalix quatsinoensis gen. et sp. nov. is characterized by an orthotropous ovule with an elongated micropyle and complex integument, enclosed within a radial cupule. The micropylar canal is elongated; and the nucellus extends into the micropyle to seal the post pollination ovule. Except at the apex of the micropyle, the seed is completely enclosed by a parenchymatous cupule with ca. 20 axially elongated secretory ducts. The cupulate seed is produced upon a triangular woody stele, consisting of a parenchymatous pith surrounded by radially aligned tracheids. The stele produces three short terete traces that terminate within the base of the cupule as transfusion tissue at the seed chalaza. Conclusions Organography, vascularization, nature of the integument and nucellus, and configuration of the micropylar canal distinguish Xadzigacalix quatsinoensis from all other gymnosperm clades. Cladistic analyses suggest the new plant may have affinities with gnetophytes or angiosperms. These results are complemented with a critical re‐evaluation of ovulate structures for Mesozoic gymnosperms, providing new insight into plant diversity immediately antecedent to the explosive diversification of flowering plants.

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Honeggeriella complexa gen. et sp. nov., a heteromerous lichen from the Lower Cretaceous of Vancouver Island (British Columbia, Canada)

Cited by 36 publications

References 53 publications

Lichen preservation in amber: morphology, ultrastructure, chemofossils, and taphonomic alteration

Lichen preservation in amber: morphology, ultrastructure, chemofossils, and taphonomic alteration

A new phylogeny of the cladoxylopsid plexus: contribution of an early cladoxylopsid from the Lower Devonian (Emsian) of Quebec

A novel cupulate seed plant, Xadzigacalix quatsinoensis gen. et sp. nov., provides new insight into the Mesozoic radiation of gymnosperms

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