<i>Hepacivirus</i>Infection in Domestic Horses, Brazil, 2011–2013

Gemaque, B. S.; Souza, Alex Júnior Souza de; Soares, Manoel do Carmo Pereira; Malheiros, Andreza Pinheiro; Silva, Andrea Lima; Alves, Max Moreira; Gomes‐Gouvêa, Michele Soares; Pinho, João Renato Rebello; Figueiredo, Heriberto Ferreira de; Ribeiro, Djacy Barbosa; Silva, Jonan Souza da; Moraes, Leopoldo Augusto; Ribeiro, Ana Silvia Sardinha; Pereira, Washington Luiz Assunção

doi:10.3201/eid2012.140603

Cited by 33 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The first hints at possible explanations originate from strikingly different EqHV RNA and antibody detection rates between different horse breeds. More frequent EqHV infection may be linked to the frequency of veterinary examinations, since valuable race horses and thoroughbreds seem to be particularly often infected by EqHV (21,25,28). Alternatively, differences in immune responses influencing viral clearance may occur between different horse breeds, although a generally higher susceptibility to viral infections in thoroughbreds is not supported by data on equine influenza (46).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

“…Journal of Virology EqHV RNA (6.8% [range, 0.9 to 35.5%]) compared to only 3 of 1,047 donkeys or mules when combining the data from this study with previous studies (17,(20)(21)(22) (0.3%; corrected 2 ϭ 65.9, P Ͻ 0.00001). The low number of RNA-positive donkeys could not be explained by a putatively low exposure of donkeys to EqHV, since seroprevalence in donkeys was high at 28.3% (278 of 982 donkeys combining this and the only previous serological study [17]), although still significantly lower than in horses at 34.9% (469 of 1,343 horses from all previous studies performing serological analyses; corrected 2 ϭ 11.1, P Ͻ 0.0009).…”

Section: Donkey Hepacivirus Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…Furthermore, the reason for the high variability of RNA-positive EqHV infections in horses (17,20,24,25,27,28) is not clear yet. The only factors, which have been noticed so far are horse racing and attendance at equestrian sports (21,22,25,28).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…44 million heads, according to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations [FAO], FAOSTAT 2014 database). Donkeys have been tested for HV in limited numbers, such as 116 donkeys from the United Kingdom (17,20), 30 mules and 5 donkeys from Brazil (21), and 8 mules and 6 donkeys from China (22), as well as a commercially available donkey serum from the United States (23), all with negative results. Here we investigated a considerably larger panel of donkey sera from various countries using serologic and molecular tools.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Differential Infection Patterns and Recent Evolutionary Origins of Equine Hepaciviruses in Donkeys

Wälter

Rasche

Moreira-Soto

et al. 2017

J Virol

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The hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major human pathogen. Genetically related viruses in animals suggest a zoonotic origin of HCV. The closest relative of HCV is found in horses (termed equine hepacivirus [EqHV]). However, low EqHV genetic diversity implies relatively recent acquisition of EqHV by horses, making a derivation of HCV from EqHV unlikely. To unravel the EqHV evolutionary history within equid sister species, we analyzed 829 donkeys and 53 mules sampled in nine European, Asian, African, and American countries by molecular and serologic tools for EqHV infection. Antibodies were found in 278 animals (31.5%), and viral RNA was found in 3 animals (0.3%), all of which were simultaneously seropositive. A low RNA prevalence in spite of high seroprevalence suggests a predominance of acute infection, a possible difference from the mostly chronic hepacivirus infection pattern seen in horses and humans. Limitation of transmission due to short courses of infection may explain the existence of entirely seronegative groups of animals. Donkey and horse EqHV strains were paraphyletic and 97.5 to 98.2% identical in their translated polyprotein sequences, making virus/host cospeciation unlikely. Evolutionary reconstructions supported host switches of EqHV between horses and donkeys without the involvement of adaptive evolution. Global admixture of donkey and horse hepaciviruses was compatible with anthropogenic alterations of EqHV ecology. In summary, our findings do not support EqHV as the origin of the significantly more diversified HCV. Identification of a host system with predominantly

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Section: Donkey Hepacivirus Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Differential Infection Patterns and Recent Evolutionary Origins of Equine Hepaciviruses in Donkeys

Wälter

Rasche

Moreira-Soto

et al. 2017

J Virol

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show abstract

“…The distribution of NPHV among horses has been reported in limited geographical areas including the UK (Burbelo et al, 2012;Lyons et al, 2012), Germany (Pfaender et al, 2015), the USA (Lyons et al, 2014), and Brazil (Gemaque et al, 2014). Recently, NPHV infection of Japanese-borne domestic horses was reported in a study that examined 31 horses in Japan (Tanaka et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%