<i>Hemophilus influenzae</i>(Pfeiffer Bacillus) Meningitis and Its Specific Treatment

Fothergill, Le Roy D.

doi:10.1056/nejm193704082161401

Cited by 51 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 5 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Human IgGl antibodies specific for the C. neoformans capsular polysaccharide could mediate protection by serving as opsonins and/or activating complement (6). In the preantibiotic era, passive antibody administration was successfully used for the treatment of brain infections due to Neisseria meningitides (meningococcus) (27) and Hemophilus influenzae (28). Today, passive antibody administration could have a role for the treatment of human C neoformans infections as an adjunct to antifungal therapy (19,20,22,29,30,47).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mouse-human immunoglobulin G1 chimeric antibodies with activities against Cryptococcus neoformans

Zebedee¹,

Koduri²,

Mukherjee³

et al. 1994

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Passive antibody administration is a potentially useful approach for the therapy of human Cryptococcus neoformans infections. To evaluate the efficacy of the human immunoglobulin Gl (IgGl) constant region against C. neoformans and to construct murine antibody derivatives with reduced immunogenicities and longer half-lives in humans, two mouse-human IgGl chimeric antibodies were generated from the protective murine monoclonal antibodies 2D10 (IgM) and 18B7 (IgGl). The 2D10 mouse-human IgGl chimeric antibody (ch2D10) had significantly lower binding affinity than its parent murine antibody (m2D10), presumably because of a loss of avidity contribution on switching from IgM to IgG. The 18B7 mouse-human IgGl chimeric antibody (chl8B7) had higher affinity for cryptococcal polysaccharide antigen than its parent murine antibody (ml8B7). chl8B7 and ch2D10 promoted phagocytosis of C. neoformans by primary human microglial cells and the murine J774.16 macrophage-like cell line. chl8B7 and m18B7 enhanced fungistatic or fungicidal activity ofJ774.16 cells and prolonged the survival of lethally infected mice. We conclude that the human IgGl constant chain can be effective in mediating antifungal activity against C. neoformans. chl8B7 or similar antibodies are potential candidates for passive antibody therapy of human cryptococcosis.Immunosuppressed individuals are particularly susceptible to infections with the fungus Cryptococcus neoformans. In recent years the prevalence of cryptococcal infections has increased dramatically because this fungal infection occurs in up to 10% of patients with AIDS (72). In the setting of AIDS C. neoformans infections are particularly difficult to treat because antifungal therapy does not eradicate the infection (67) despite in vitro susceptibility to drugs used in therapy (12).AIDS patients who survive the initial presentation undergo lifelong antifungal suppression therapy to decrease the likelihood of relapse. The difficulty of treating C. neoformans infections in immunocompromised patients has led to interest in the potential of passive antibody therapy as a means to enhance residual cellular immunity (8, 23, 51-53, 55, 63). Limited experience with the use of rabbit polyclonal antibody in humans suggests that the combination of antibody with amphotericin B may improve therapy (29,31,47). Experimental support for a combined approach includes the finding that antibody can potentiate the antifungal effect of amphotericin B in murine models of cryptococcosis (22,30,54).The ability of passive antibody to mediate protection in murine models of C. neoformans infection is dependent on the quantity (23), isotype (53,63), and fine specificity (53) of the antibody reagent and the animal model used (23-25, 35, 53). Antibody to C. neoformans capsular polysaccharide does not inhibit the fungus in the absence of effector cells (24), and antibody-mediated protection is most likely the result of enhanced cellular and nonspecific immune mechanisms (10,19,20,40,42,57,63). Antibodies to the capsular polysacchar...

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mouse-human immunoglobulin G1 chimeric antibodies with activities against Cryptococcus neoformans

Zebedee¹,

Koduri²,

Mukherjee³

et al. 1994

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Administration by the i.v. route without intraspinal infusion for the treatment of meningitis was controversial at the time (8,52). The combination of intraspinal and i.v.…”

Section: Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum therapy revisited: animal models of infection and development of passive antibody therapy

Casadevall

Scharff

1994

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

217

160

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…In 1937, Francis Schwentker (1904-1954 published an important paper on 11 patients with meningococcal disease treated with sulfanilamide both subcutaneous and intraspinal. 1996).…”

Section: Sulfonamidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All 99 patients with pneumococcal meningitis hospitalized at the Boston City Hospital between 1920 and 1936, thus before the use of sulfonamides in meningitis, died (Finland, Brown, & Rauh, 1938). In 1937, LeRoy Fothergill (1901-1967 published an article about patients suffering from H. Influenzae meningitis treated with intravenous and intrathecal antiserum produced by immunization of horses with the virulent meningeal strains of H. Influenzae. In 1937, LeRoy Fothergill (1901-1967 published an article about patients suffering from H. Influenzae meningitis treated with intravenous and intrathecal antiserum produced by immunization of horses with the virulent meningeal strains of H. Influenzae.…”

Section: Haemophilus Influenzae and Streptococcus Pneumoniamentioning

confidence: 99%

A History of Acute Bacterial Meningitis

Uiterwijk

Koehler

2012

Journal of the History of the Neurosciences

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Although meningitis was not yet known as such, its symptoms have been conceptualized in different ways and many theories about its causes have been formulated in the course of time. Terms like hydrocephalus and brain fever were used for different clinical manifestations of what today would be recognized as meningitis. Pathological-anatomical findings led to the emergence of the clinical entity from several old concepts of disease. Initially, diagnostic means were limited and therapeutic methods did not differ much from those that had been applied for centuries, even far into the nineteenth century. Discoveries in bacteriology and the introduction of the lumbar puncture provided a new paradigm for knowledge of the pathophysiology and treatment of what then became known with the term meningitis. The development of new therapeutic methods including antiserum, sulfonamides, and penicillin resulted in a decreasing mortality during the past century. Nowadays, with the use of antibiotics, bacterial meningitis can often be cured.

show abstract

Hemophilus influenzae(Pfeiffer Bacillus) Meningitis and Its Specific Treatment

Cited by 51 publications

References 5 publications

Mouse-human immunoglobulin G1 chimeric antibodies with activities against Cryptococcus neoformans

Mouse-human immunoglobulin G1 chimeric antibodies with activities against Cryptococcus neoformans

Serum therapy revisited: animal models of infection and development of passive antibody therapy

A History of Acute Bacterial Meningitis

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About