Helicobacter pylori associated factors in the development of gastric cancer with special reference to the early-onset subtype

Abstract

Nowadays, gastric cancer is one of the most common neoplasms and the fourth cause of cancer-related death on the world. Regarding the age at the diagnosis it is divided into early-onset gastric carcinoma (45 years or younger) and conventional gastric cancer (older than 45). Gastric carcinomas are rarely observed in young population and rely mostly on genetic factors, therefore provide the unique model to study genetic and environmental alternations. The latest research on early-onset gastric cancer are trying to explain molecular and genetic basis, because young patients are less exposed to environmental factors predisposing to cancer. In the general population, Helicobacter pylori, has been particularly associated with intestinal subtype of gastric cancers. The significant association of Helicobacter pylori infection in young patients with gastric cancers suggests that the bacterium has an etiologic role in both diffuse and intestinal subtypes of early-onset gastric cancers. In this paper we would like to ascertain the possible role of Helicobacter pylori infection in the development of gastric carcinoma in young patients. The review summarizes recent literature on early-onset gastric cancers with special reference to Helicobacter pylori infection.

Mechanisms of the Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition and Tumor Microenvironment in Helicobacter pylori-Induced Gastric Cancer

“…The discrepancy in the severity of gastric cancer is associated with many factors and mechanisms, among which various genotypes of H. pylori strains play a role [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40]. H. pylori induces other diseases of the alimentary tract, including gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma, GERD symptoms, and dyspepsia [41][42][43][44][45][46]. There is an increasing interest in the role of H. pylori in the pathogenesis of ischemic heart disease, diabetes mellitus, and Alzheimer's disease [47][48][49][50].…”

Gastric carcinogenesis: a comprehensive review of the angiogenic pathways

“…Gastric carcinogenesis is a complex, multifactorial process that is primarily stimulated by chronic inflammation (induced by H. pylori infection in the majority of cases); however, other processes such as the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) or intensified angiogenesis play a crucial role in GC progression [19][20][21][22][23]. Angiogenesis is a physiological process of the formation of the new blood vessels from the already existing ones.…”

Detection of R282w P53 Gene Mutation on Exon 8 in Gastric Cancer Patients in Southwest Iran

“…We suppose that a high prevalence of p53 mutation might be related to genomic profiles, environmental factors, or lifestyle-related factors such as H-pylori infection, diet, sunlight, etc. in K&B province, Southwest Iran with nomadic populations and mountainous weather (47)(48)(49). Recently, some studies reported that high altitude and increased exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiations of sunlight, (level of ultraviolet radiation increase by about 10% with every 300 m), may be related to the higher incidence rate of cancers (50,51).…”