Helicobacterspecies binding to the human gastric mucosa

Abstract

Helicobacter pylori infects half of the world population, being associated with several gastric disorders, such as chronic gastritis and gastric carcinoma. The Helicobacter genus also includes other gastric helicobacters, such as H. heilmannii¸ H. ailurogastricus, H. suis, H. felis, H. bizzozeronii, and H. salomonis. These gastric helicobacters colonize both the human and animal stomach. The prevalence of gastric non-Helicobacter pylori Helicobacter (NHPH) species in humans has been described as low, and the in vitro binding to the human gastric mucosa was never assessed. Herein, human gastric tissue sections were used for the evaluation of the tissue glycophenotype and for the binding of gastric NHPH strains belonging to different species. Histopathological evaluation showed that 37.5% of the patients enrolled in our cohort presented chronic gastritis, while the presence of neutrophil or eosinophilic activity (chronic active gastritis) was observed in 62.5% of the patients. The secretor phenotype was observed in 68.8% of the individuals, based on the expression of Lewis B antigen and binding of the UleX lectin. The in vitro binding assay showed that all the NHPH strains evaluated were able to bind, albeit in low frequency, to the human gastric mucosa. The H. heilmannii, H. bizzozeronii, and H. salomonis strains displayed the highest binding ability both to the gastric superficial epithelium and to the deep glands. Interestingly, we observed binding of NHPH to the gastric mucosa of individuals with severe chronic inflammation and intestinal metaplasia, suggesting that NHPH binding may not be restricted to the healthy gastric mucosa or slight chronic gastritis. Furthermore, the in vitro binding of NHPH strains was observed both in secretor and non-secretor individuals in a similar frequency. In conclusion, this study is the first report of the in vitro binding ability of gastric NHPH species to the human gastric mucosa. The results suggest that other glycans, besides the Lewis antigens, could be involved in the bacterial adhesion mechanism; however, the molecular intervenients remain unknown.

Development of serological assays to identifyHelicobacter suisandHelicobacter pyloriinfections

“…6,21,22 Although H. suis colonizes the hog stomach and is the source of zoonotic infection in a high percentage of human cases of H. suis infection, [23][24][25] the infection rate among hog farmers is not higher than that of individuals who have no contact with animals. 26,27 It has been hypothesized that H. suis infects humans via the consumption of contaminated pork. 28,29 However, there is no clear evidence regarding the H. suis infection route or period.…”

Phototherapy and Mechanism Exploration of Biofilm and Multidrug‐Resistant Helicobacter pylori by Bacteria‐Targeted NIR Photosensitizer

“…Laser confocal fluorescence microscopy (Leica TCS SP8, Germany) was used for cell imaging. 1 H NMR and 13 C NMR spectra were recorded on Bruker Advance Spectrometer (Bruker, Germany). High-resolution mass spectra (HRMS) were obtained on a Varian 7.0 spectrometer with ESI.…”

“…Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori ) has infected more than 50% of the population worldwide and has been a significant threat to human health. [ 1 ] Clinical therapy to eradicate H. pylori usually contains two antibiotics (clarithromycin + amoxicillin or metronidazole) and one proton pump inhibitor. [ 2 ] In the last few decades, however, the abuse of antibiotics has led to increased H. pylori resistance to antibiotics and remarkably reduced the treatment efficacy.…”

Kluyveromyces marxianus Ameliorates High-Fat-Diet-Induced Kidney Injury by Affecting Gut Microbiota and TLR4/NF-κB Pathway in a Mouse Model

“…HFD induction reduced the proportion of Lactobacillus and Bacteroidetes while K. marxianus JLU-1016 and AR strain JLU-1016A treatments reversed the reduction in these genera (Figure 10(i)). Many novel Helicobacter have been identified with human in many Cellular Microbiology infection diseases [35][36][37] and are increased in the HG, and the genera were inhibited after K. marxianus JLU-1016 and AR strain JLU-1016A treatments (Figure 10(i)). Function analysis showed that HFD induction reduced the levels of the protein involved with multiple sugar transport system, polar amino acid transport system, and peptide transport system and increased the protein involved with antibiotic transport system, beta-galactosidase, and iron complex outermembrane receptor while K. marxianus and the AR strain reversed all these parameters (Figure 10(j)).…”