Hedycaryamacrofossils and associatedPlanarpollenitespollen from the early Miocene of New Zealand

Abstract

The fossils are similar to those of modern Australian and New Zealand Hedycarya species, suggesting that the genus and related taxa have been significant components of the rainforests of Australia and the former Zealandian subcontinent for most of the Cenozoic.

Supplementary material to "Elevated CO<sub>2</sub>, increased leaf-level productivity and water-use efficiency during the early Miocene"

“…Elaeocarpaceae or Cunoniaceae. The distinguishing anatomical characteristics of morphotype I match the diagnostic features of Elaeocarpaceae or Cunoniaceae photographed from surface sediments at Foulden Maar (Lee et al, 2016).…”

“…Stomatal density: 7.92 × 10 7 ± 2.01 × 10 7 m -2 , epidermal cell density: 8.38 × 10 8 ± 2.72 × 10 7 m -2 , pore length: 1.33 × 10 -5 ± 1.65 × 10 -6 m, and guard cell width: 2.7 × 10 -6 ± 4.42 × 10 -7 m. Affinity: Monimiaceae: Hedycarya pluvisilva Conran, Bannister, Mildenhall et D.E. Lee (Conran et al, 2016). The distinguishing anatomical characteristics of morphotype V match the diagnostic features of Hedycarya pluvisilva described from the surface sediments at Foulden Maar.…”

AnAkania(Akaniaceae) inflorescence with associated pollen from the early Miocene of New Zealand

“…These fossils include basal angiosperms from the families Atherospermataceae (Conran et al., ), Lauraceae (10 spp. ; Bannister et al., ), and Monimiaceae (Conran et al., ). To date, recovered eudicots include Alseuosmiaceae (Conran et al., ), Apocynaceae (Mildenhall et al., ), Araliaceae, Casuarinaceae, Cunoniaceae, Elaeocarpaceae, Euphorbiaceae (Lee et al., ), Loranthaceae, Menispermaceae (Conran et al., ), Myrsinaceae, Myrtaceae, Onagraceae (Lee et al., ), Proteaceae, Picrodendraceae, Rutaceae (Bannister et al., ), Sapindaceae, Sapotaceae, and Winteraceae.…”

“…The 23 Ma Foulden Maar diatomite in southern New Zealand contains abundant and diverse, well‐preserved plant macro‐ and microfossils (Pole, ; Mildenhall et al., ; Lee et al., ), including leaves with cuticular preservation, fruits, and flowers, many with in situ pollen (e.g., Bannister et al., , ; Lee et al., , ; Conran et al., , ). Among these fossils was a partial inflorescence bearing several Akania ‐like flowers with anthers and in situ pollen; here, we describe the first global record of a fossil Akaniaceae inflorescence and its associated pollen.…”

Elevated CO<sub>2</sub>, increased leaf-level productivity and water-use efficiency during the early Miocene

“…S2h) (Atherospermataceae) (Conran et al, 2013), and Hedycarya pluvisilva (Fig. S2i) (Monimiaceae) (Conran et al, 2016). Otherwise, tentative genus or family identifications are provided, or unspecified morphotypic qualifiers, for leaves that could not be assigned a plant group.…”