“…The PBL approach was at first used in the field of medicine where a problem was the triggering motivator for students' learning (Baumgartner & Zabin, 2008;Barrows & Tamblyn, 1980;Rahayu et al, 2019). After showing promising results in developing various skills in students like creativity, problem-solving, self-directed learning, and science processes, PBL was then adopted in other fields including education (Balım et al, 2016;Gomoll et al, 2020;Hung, 2016). Studies that have compared PBL with traditional approaches to teaching offer factual insights into the relative value of the PBL approach as a means of reaching student mastery of curricular content (Hidayat et al, 2020;Zhao et al, 2020).…”