<i>Hamptonia jianhensis</i> sp. nov. from the Cambrian (Stage 4) Balang Fauna of Guizhou, China

Wang, Qiujun; Jin, Peng; Wen, Rong; Du, Guangying; Zhang, Hui; Wang, Dezhi; Wang, Yifan

doi:10.1080/08912963.2019.1575374

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Temporal correlations of the occurrences of Cambrian biotas based on Botting and Muir (2019), Zhu et al (2019) and Q.J. Wang et al (2020). Numerical ages in Ma.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Saetaspongia sponges from the Cambrian (Stage 4) Balang Formation of Guizhou, China

et al. 2021

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Saetaspongia so far cannot be confidently assigned to any class-level crown group. Clarifying its phylogenetic position requires new information provided by more detailed studies of previously described and/or new material. Some sponge fossils with the typical skeletal architecture of Saetaspongia have recently been recognized in the Cambrian (Stage 4) Balang Biota of Guizhou, China, including S. jianhensis new species and S. cf. S. densa. The new taxon is characterized by the following features: spicules are fine monaxons and are inclined to be loosely to densely arranged into plumose arrays; skeleton is composed primarily of one major plumose bundle, with an uncertain number (perhaps two) of small plumose arrays; and primary skeleton is occasionally interspersed with some irregularly oriented individual spicules. An additional specimen consisting of large monaxons, with plumose structures and overlying irregular coarse monaxons, closely fits the description and illustrations of previously described S. cf. S. densa. By combining information from previous studies and the present research, fossil evidence indicates that the plumose architecture is a critical feature diagnostic of Saetaspongia and that there are no hexactine-based spicules in this genus. The new material from the Balang Biota further supports the notion that Saetaspongia has a protomonaxonid rather than a hexactinellid affinity. Fossil evidence suggests that Saetaspongia had a wide biogeographic distribution during the early Cambrian and the stratigraphic distribution of this genus extends up to Stage 4. UUID: http://zoobank.org/e9ca5e4a-134c-4daa-9266-19085e32614f.

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“…Temporal correlations of the occurrences of Cambrian biotas based on Botting and Muir (2019), Zhu et al (2019) and Q.J. Wang et al (2020). Numerical ages in Ma.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sponge specimens include both fully articulated skeletons and partly and completely disarticulated remains (Q.J. Wang et al, 2018, 2019, 2020) that were collected from the Lazizhai section (Fig. 1.2) at Lazizhai Village, Jianhe County, Kaili City, Guizhou.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Saetaspongia sponges from the Cambrian (Stage 4) Balang Formation of Guizhou, China

et al. 2021

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“…A comparison should also be made with juvenile specimens of Hamptonia Walcott, 1920, which are extrem ely similar in form and probably very closely related . Hamptonia tends to form a shallow bowl, with upturned edges, but the margin and radial spicule array are often rather irregular (Botting & Peel 2016, Wang et al 2019; it is also strictly defined on the presence of isolated, distinctly coarser spicules within the body wall, but these can be poorly developed and not obvious (e.g. Rigby 1986).…”

Section: Diagnosis (Emended Aftermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These anomalous characters are sufficient to generate a widespread (though not yet universal) acceptance that protomonaxonids such as Lenica must be considered as a distinct group rather than as demosponges (e.g. Cong et al 2018, Tang et al 2019, Wang et al 2019), or at least that they need to be carefully reconsidered (Murdock 2020).…”

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Hexactins in the ‘protomonaxonid’ sponge Choiaella and proposal of Ascospongiae (class nov.) asa formal replacement for the Protomonaxonida

Botting¹

2021

Bull. Geosci.

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The protomonaxonid sponges are a controversial early group with supposed ties to the demosponges, but the group also possesses features that imply a much earlier-branching position in sponge evolution. A new species, Choiaella hexactinophora sp. nov., shows a typical protomonaxonid body plan but also contains small hexactin-based spicules, a skeletal element today restricted to the class Hexactinellida, but which has been proposed to be plesiomorphic for Porifera and lost in the other living classes. This finding from the Castle Bank fauna (Middle Ordovician of the Builth Inlier, Wales, UK) confirms continuity of the protomonaxonid lineage, as hexactins are also known from fossils interpreted to be among the earliest members of the group. The presence of hexactins effectively rules out a demosponge affinity, and supports previous interpretations requiring the protomonaxonids to be treated as an earlybranching sponge clade rather than assigning them to an extant class. To facilitate this, this paper proposes a formal replacement of the majority of the group as the Ascospongiae nov., an extinct class within Porifera.

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Leptomitid sponges from the Cambrian (Stage 4) Balang Fauna of Guizhou, China

Wang

Jin

Wen

et al. 2019

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Hamptonia jianhensis sp. nov. from the Cambrian (Stage 4) Balang Fauna of Guizhou, China

Cited by 4 publications

References 37 publications

Saetaspongia sponges from the Cambrian (Stage 4) Balang Formation of Guizhou, China

Saetaspongia sponges from the Cambrian (Stage 4) Balang Formation of Guizhou, China

Hexactins in the ‘protomonaxonid’ sponge Choiaella and proposal of Ascospongiae (class nov.) asa formal replacement for the Protomonaxonida

Leptomitid sponges from the Cambrian (Stage 4) Balang Fauna of Guizhou, China

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Hamptonia jianhensis sp. nov. from the Cambrian (Stage 4) Balang Fauna of Guizhou, China

Cited by 4 publications

References 37 publications

Saetaspongia sponges from the Cambrian (Stage 4) Balang Formation of Guizhou, China

Saetaspongia sponges from the Cambrian (Stage 4) Balang Formation of Guizhou, China

Hexactins in the &lsquo;protomonaxonid&rsquo; sponge Choiaella and proposal of Ascospongiae (class nov.) asa formal replacement for the Protomonaxonida

Leptomitid sponges from the Cambrian (Stage 4) Balang Fauna of Guizhou, China

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Hexactins in the ‘protomonaxonid’ sponge Choiaella and proposal of Ascospongiae (class nov.) asa formal replacement for the Protomonaxonida