<i>Haemophilus influenzae</i>and<i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i>: living together in a biofilm

Tikhomirova, Alexandra; Kidd, Stephen P.

doi:10.1111/2049-632x.12073

Cited by 62 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 134 publications

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“…Old mice are unable to clear bacterial colonization as effectively as their young counterparts. We observed a number of interspecies interactions between S. pneumoniae and the existing mouse microbiome (e.g., Staphylococcus) that have been reported previously only in experimental models (16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24). In particular, Streptococcus interacted competitively with Staphylococcus and synergistically with Haemophilus.…”

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confidence: 54%

Streptococcus pneumoniae Colonization Disrupts the Microbial Community within the Upper Respiratory Tract of Aging Mice

et al. 2016

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f Nasopharyngeal colonization by the Gram-positive bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae is a prerequisite for pneumonia and invasive pneumococcal diseases. Colonization is asymptomatic, involving dynamic and complex interplay between commensals, the host immune system, and environmental factors. The elderly are at an increased risk of developing pneumonia, which might be due to changes in the respiratory microbiota that would impact bacterial colonization and persistence within this niche. We hypothesized that the composition of the upper respiratory tract (URT) microbiota changes with age and subsequently can contribute to sustained colonization and inefficient clearance of S. pneumoniae. To test this, we used a mouse model of pneumococcal colonization to compare the composition of the URT microbiota in young, middle-aged, and old mice in the naive state and during the course of colonization using nasal pharyngeal washes. Sequencing of variable region 3 (V3) of the 16S rRNA gene was used to identify changes occurring with age and throughout the course of S. pneumoniae colonization. We discovered that age affects the composition of the URT microbiota and that colonization with S. pneumoniae is more disruptive of preexisting communities in older mice. We have further shown that host-pathogen interactions following S. pneumoniae colonization can impact the populations of resident microbes, including Staphylococcus and Haemophilus. Together, our findings indicate alterations to the URT microbiota could be detrimental to the elderly, resulting in increased colonization of S. pneumoniae and decreased efficiency in its clearance.

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confidence: 54%

Streptococcus pneumoniae Colonization Disrupts the Microbial Community within the Upper Respiratory Tract of Aging Mice

et al. 2016

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“…Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Moraxella catarrhalis normally reside in the upper respiratory tract, but can become otopathogens and create polymicrobial biofilms in the middle ear [72,101]. Mice and chinchillas were intranasally co-inoculated with S. pneumoniae and M. catarrhalis to evaluate nasopharyngeal colonization, ascension of the Eustachian tube and, ultimately, increased antibiotic resistance.…”

Section: Otitis Mediamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chinchillas have a 15-year lifespan, large ears, which provide easy access to the ear canal, and similar ear anatomy to humans. However, mice and rats have the advantage of lower cost, easier care and the availability of genetic variants, including those for specific host inflammatory responses.Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Moraxella catarrhalis normally reside in the upper respiratory tract, but can become otopathogens and create polymicrobial biofilms in the middle ear [72,101]. Mice and chinchillas were intranasally co-inoculated with S. pneumoniae and M. catarrhalis to evaluate nasopharyngeal colonization, ascension of the Eustachian tube and, ultimately, increased antibiotic resistance.…”

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confidence: 99%

Biofilm models of polymicrobial infection

Gabrilska

Rumbaugh

2015

Future Microbiology

124

107

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Interactions between microbes are complex and play an important role in the pathogenesis of infections. These interactions can range from fierce competition for nutrients and niches to highly evolved cooperative mechanisms between different species that support their mutual growth. An increasing appreciation for these interactions, and desire to uncover the mechanisms that govern them, has resulted in a shift from monomicrobial to polymicrobial biofilm studies in different disease models. Here we provide an overview of biofilm models used to study select polymicrobial infections and highlight the impact that the interactions between microbes within these biofilms have on disease progression. Notable recent advances in the development of polymicrobial biofilm-associated infection models and challenges facing the study of polymicrobial biofilms are addressed. Polymicrobial interactions in biofilmsOver the past 2 decades there has been a revolutionary paradigm shift in the field of microbiology with the appreciation that bacteria present in most biological systems exist in biofilms, rather than in a free-living state. This understanding has dramatically changed the way we study bacteria in the laboratory and resulted in the development of many new experimental systems that replicate biofilm environments [1][2][3][4][5]. Studies utilizing these systems have demonstrated time and time again that bacteria behave very differently when in a biofilm than during planktonic growth. In many ways, we now have to relearn everything we thought we knew about bacterial behavior through the view of the biofilm lens.Similarly, the recent explosion of metagenomic studies has significantly increased our appreciation of the complexity of the microbial populations present in biofilms [6,7]. This is also true for infections, most of which are thought to be biofilm related and inherently polymicrobial, including various species of bacteria, fungi and viruses [8]. It is thought that microbes act in concert to establish biofilms, which in turn can increase tolerance to antimicrobials, exacerbate of the host's immune response and increase persistence at the infection site [7,[9][10][11].Genetic diversity of microbes within biofilm communities is thought to increase the fitness of the residing community, making them more equipped to survive environmental stresses. In large part, this is due to an expanded gene pool, which can be more easily shared within the confines of a biofilm community [12]. Community composition and interactions within the community can have huge influences on bacterial behavior. Thus, just as the behavior of planktonic versus biofilm-associated bacteria is dramatically different, so is that of bacteria in single species versus multispecies systems.Interactions between microbes are complex and highly dependent on context. They can range from fierce competition for nutrients and niches, manifested by antagonistic behavior, to highly evolved cooperative mechanisms between different species that support their mutual grow...

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“…H. infl uenzae frequently occurs in coinfections with other pathogens like Staphylococcus aureus [7,10], or -associated in biofi lms -with Streptococcus pneumoniae [11]. Next to H. infl uenzae-caused URTI, asymptomatic colonization of the upper respiratory tract by this species is frequently observed [12,13] with colonization rates of 30% in healthy volunteers [12].…”

Section: H Influenzae Vs H Haemolyticuswhy Is a Discrimination Neementioning

confidence: 99%

Difficult identification ofHaemophilus influenzae, a typical cause of upper respiratory tract infections, in the microbiological diagnostic routine

Hinz¹,

Zautner²,

Hagen³

et al. 2015

European Journal of Microbiology and Immunology

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Haemophilus influenzae is a key pathogen of upper respiratory tract infections. Its reliable discrimination from nonpathogenic Haemophilus spp. is necessary because merely colonizing bacteria are frequent at primarily unsterile sites. Due to close phylogenetic relationship, it is not easy to discriminate H. influenzae from the colonizer Haemophilus haemolyticus. The frequency of H. haemolyticus isolations depends on factors like sampling site, patient condition, and geographic region.Biochemical discrimination has been shown to be nonreliable. Multiplex PCR including marker genes like sodC, fucK, and hpd or sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene, the P6 gene, or multilocus-sequence-typing is more promising. For the diagnostic routine, such techniques are too expensive and laborious. If available, matrix-assisted laser-desorption-ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry is a routine-compatible option and should be used in the first line. However, the used database should contain well-defined reference spectra, and the spectral difference between H. influenzae and H. haemolyticus is small. Fluorescence in-situ hybridization is an option for less well-equipped laboratories, but the available protocol will not lead to conclusive results in all instances. It can be used as a second line approach. Occasional ambiguous results have to be resolved by alternative molecular methods like 16S rRNA gene sequencing.

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Haemophilus influenzaeandStreptococcus pneumoniae: living together in a biofilm

Cited by 62 publications

References 134 publications

Streptococcus pneumoniae Colonization Disrupts the Microbial Community within the Upper Respiratory Tract of Aging Mice

Streptococcus pneumoniae Colonization Disrupts the Microbial Community within the Upper Respiratory Tract of Aging Mice

Biofilm models of polymicrobial infection

Difficult identification ofHaemophilus influenzae, a typical cause of upper respiratory tract infections, in the microbiological diagnostic routine

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