<i>Graphite and Its Crystal Compounds</i>

Ubbelohde, A. R.; Lewis, F. A.; Rice, Stuart A.

doi:10.1063/1.3057474

Cited by 137 publications

(79 citation statements)

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“…stants and the reproducibility of one of them -the basal spacing -throughout a large number of multilayer assemblies, lead stearate contrasts sharply with graphitic carbon, a classical example of a two-dimensionally ordered material. This has a diffraction pattern that varies somewhat from batch to batch, apparently in response to some trivial variation in the method of preparation (Ubbelohde & Lewis, 1960).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The structure of a multilayer of lead stearate

Stephens¹,

Tuck-Lee²

1969

J Appl Cryst

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A study has been made of the molecular and crystallographic structures of Langmuir-Blodgett multilayer films of lead stearate. Electron microscopy and diffraction were used in the examination of such a film which had separated from the glass slide on which it had been formed. The films consist of a large number of three-dimensionally ordered lead stearate crystals arranged in near-perfect alignment, with the longest axes of their unit cell projecting from the plane of the supporting substrate. The unit cell of the lead stearate crystal is either monoclinic with the space group P21/a or orthorhombic with the space group P21212. The former is considered to be rather the more likely. The major lattice spacings are 4.96/~ (100), 7.38/~ (010) and 47 ~ (001). The/~ angle of the monoclinic unit cell is not known but is probably within a few degrees of 90 °. The lead atoms are in special positions in the basal plane, regardless of which is the correct unit cell, and the hydrocarbon chains make an angle of 62 + 5 ° with the basal plane. Any free stearic acid in the films occurs as a separate phase.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The structure of a multilayer of lead stearate

Stephens¹,

Tuck-Lee²

1969

J Appl Cryst

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“…The results obtained at simulation are in conformity with experimental data. The estimated length of carbon-carbon bonds R C-C = 0.140 nm is rather close to experimentally measured value of the bond length in the graphene layers R C-C = 0.1415 nm [15], i.e. method MM+ used for calculation allows to find correct structure parameters.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 54%

Scroll structure of carbon nanotubes obtained by the hydrothermal synthesis

Belenkov¹,

Shabiev²

2015

LoM

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In this paper there were studied the structure of multilayer carbon nanotubes by methods of X-ray diffraction and elector microscopy. Test samples were prepared by reacting the porous polycrystalline graphite, heated to 800, 850 or 900°C with distilled water at room temperature. As a result of X-ray analysis of the carbon residue obtained after evaporation of distilled water was found a slight decrease in the interlayer distance d 002 and increase in the average size of coherent scattering regions along the crystallographic c axis of graphite, compared with the same characteristics of the original graphite. This is indicates a small amount of formed carbon nanostructures in the samples at the hydrothermal synthesis. Electron microscopic studies have shown that the samples consist mainly of crystals of the original polycrystalline graphite, which contains on the surface of the tubular scrolled nanostructures. Probably tubular nanostructures was formed by the reaction heated to a high temperature of graphite with distilled water. The model calculations were made by the method of molecular mechanics MM+ and show that the folding of graphene layers in the rolls may occur as a result of the functionalization of graphene layers by not carbon atoms. It is revealed that graphene layers form the structure of scrolled carbon nanotubes as a result of junction hydrogen atoms and/or hydroxyl groups to the graphene layers. As a result it is revealed that the amount of the tubular nanostructures obtained by hydrothermal synthesis is less than 1 ÷ 2% of the initial amount of graphite.

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“…hybridization [50,51]. The usual graphite is a tabular mass with a lot of metallic lusters, having various degrees of crystallinity and orderliness; individual particles can look almost as perfect crystals.…”

Section: The Biofuel Elements On the Basis Of The Nanocarbon Materialmentioning

confidence: 99%