“…The first parasite to be studied was a small intestinal cestoda called Ophiotaenia noei (Wolffhügel, 1948). Following this, the digenic Gorgoderina trematode was found in the urinary bladders of a population in Valdivia (Puga 1979). Subsequently, a study carried out in a center for frog reproduction, where tadpoles and juveniles were sacrificed, allowed to detect the presence of three gastrointestinal parasites, Balantidium sp., Entamoeba sp.…”
Globally, at least 43% of amphibian species are declining, due primarily to habitat destruction and modification, over-exploitation, emerging diseases, and invasive alien species. In Chile there are 60 species of amphibians and of these, 62% are endemic and 73% are in a conservation category, such as the Chilean giant frog (Calyptocephalella gayi), a living fossil classified as vulnerable by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Its decline is associated with over-exploitation for sale of its meat as a gourmet product, together with the "megadrought" experienced by Chile in recent years, and the presence of the pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, which is causing amphibian mortalities all over the world. The sustained increase in threats to this frog species requires strategic conservation planning, which should be based on the knowledge of aspects of their basic biology. This led us to search for the available published information on this species, compiling the reachable data on the web from 1927 to 2019. We found 353 publications, and our two main conclusions about the knowledge on this species are that there is a high percentage (43%) of publications focused on studies of the morpho-physiological aspects, and that there is a significant lack of data on its ecology and natural history. We discuss how these deficiencies limit the possibility of implementing adequate management and/or conservation plans for this species, and finally propose areas of study that should provide a solid contribution towards the preservation of this species.
“…The first parasite to be studied was a small intestinal cestoda called Ophiotaenia noei (Wolffhügel, 1948). Following this, the digenic Gorgoderina trematode was found in the urinary bladders of a population in Valdivia (Puga 1979). Subsequently, a study carried out in a center for frog reproduction, where tadpoles and juveniles were sacrificed, allowed to detect the presence of three gastrointestinal parasites, Balantidium sp., Entamoeba sp.…”
Globally, at least 43% of amphibian species are declining, due primarily to habitat destruction and modification, over-exploitation, emerging diseases, and invasive alien species. In Chile there are 60 species of amphibians and of these, 62% are endemic and 73% are in a conservation category, such as the Chilean giant frog (Calyptocephalella gayi), a living fossil classified as vulnerable by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Its decline is associated with over-exploitation for sale of its meat as a gourmet product, together with the "megadrought" experienced by Chile in recent years, and the presence of the pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, which is causing amphibian mortalities all over the world. The sustained increase in threats to this frog species requires strategic conservation planning, which should be based on the knowledge of aspects of their basic biology. This led us to search for the available published information on this species, compiling the reachable data on the web from 1927 to 2019. We found 353 publications, and our two main conclusions about the knowledge on this species are that there is a high percentage (43%) of publications focused on studies of the morpho-physiological aspects, and that there is a significant lack of data on its ecology and natural history. We discuss how these deficiencies limit the possibility of implementing adequate management and/or conservation plans for this species, and finally propose areas of study that should provide a solid contribution towards the preservation of this species.
La fauna de parásitos metazoos de organismos acuáticos y semiacuáticos en ecosistemas continentales de Chile está constituida por aproximadamente 60 taxa parasitarios. Un 47% de las infecciones están identificadas a nivel de especies, y un 53% como género o familia. Estos parásitos se encuentran integrados por 5 phyla (Arthropoda, Acanthocephala, Nematoda, Platyhelminthes y Myxozoa); con un total de 8 clases, 19 órdenes y 31 familias. El phylum Platyhelminthes fue el más diverso, compuesto por 3 clases, 11 órdenes y 19 familias, y Digenea la clase que contó con el mayor número de especies. Un 48% de los parásitos registrados a nivel de especie son endémicos y un 71% de ellos se encuentran en hospedadores anfibios. La distribución de parásitos de ecosistemas continentales se encuentra en la zona centro-sur de Chile, habiendo mayor número de registros entre las VIII y IX regiones (36-39º S). Llama la atención el desconocimiento de los parásitos de hospedadores invertebrados y por lo tanto, de los ciclos de vida de los parásitos en estos sistemas. Se desconoce por completo el estado de conservación de las especies parásitas de organismos acuáticos continentales, sin embargo, la conservación de la biodiversidad parasitaria depende directamente de la conservación de sus hospedadores.
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