<i>Girvanella</i>
            and other algae as depth indicators

Riding, Robert

doi:10.1111/j.1502-3931.1975.tb01310.x

Cited by 73 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Both algae and bacteria are known to be able to induce precipitation of calcium carbonate, given the correct geochemical microenvironments. Aragonite and high-Mg calcite may form within and/or upon the mucilaginous envelopes of coccoidal cells and sheaths enclosing cyanophyte trichomes (Riding 1975;Monty 1976;Pratt 1982;Pentecost & Riding 1986;Riding 1991b). Monty (1976) recorded peloidal fabrics within pustular cyanobacterial colonies from Shark Bay, Western Australia, while Buczynski & Chafetz (1991) and Chafetz & Buczynski (1992) demonstrated the importance of bacteria in the precipitation of carbonate peloids in modern algal mats.…”

Section: Fig 3 Microbial Incrustations In Vis~an Buildups (A)mentioning

confidence: 97%

Evidence for microbial influence on the development of Lower Carboniferous buildups

Pickard

1996

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Following a series of mass extinction events towards the end of the Devonian (Frasnian), true skeletal reef-building organisms were effectively lost from latest Devonian (Famennian) and Lower Carboniferous (Dinantian) marine ecosystems. Nevertheless, nonskeletal, mud-dominated buildups (mud-mounds) are common throughout this geological interval, and microbial activity (fungi, algae and/or bacteria) is considered to have played a significant role in the development of these buildups. Evidence of microbial activity in Dinantian buildups may be divided into two broad categories: (a) direct evidence, such as the development of stromatolitic and thrombolitic macrostructures, presence of cryptic incrustations and preservation of calcimicrobes such as Renalcis; (b) cryptic evidence, in the form of peloidal 'mud' which forms the matrix of many Dinantian buildups. The matrix peloidal micrites closely resemble modern microbially mediated (algal and bacterial) carbonate precipitates. Precipitation of the peloidal fabrics is considered to have occurred within a microbial mat that bound the accreting buildup surface, thereby allowing steep depositional slopes to develop in deep water buildups and protecting shallow water buildups from erosion. Extensive cavity systems, often developed in Dinantian buildups, may also contain stromatolitic mats and micritized cavity walls. These fabrics indicate the additional presence of internal heterotrophic microbial communities and suggest that a diverse range of microbes were present in Dinantian buildups.Controls on the development of Dinantian buildups are likely to have been multiple. Nutrient-rich (mesotrophic) water masses, in combination with relatively low sedimentation rates, may have promoted buildup initiation, while regional palaeogeography and tectonic events played a role in their location. Tournaisian buildups commonly developed in a wide range of water depths on carbonate ramps, whereas Vis6an buildups, particularly in northwestern Europe, were often restricted to relatively shallow water over tectonically controlled topographic highs.

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Section: Fig 3 Microbial Incrustations In Vis~an Buildups (A)mentioning

confidence: 97%

Evidence for microbial influence on the development of Lower Carboniferous buildups

Pickard

1996

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“…-Ordovician of Norway (Høeg 1932, Roux 1985 and Tarim (NW China;Ma et al 2014). Silurian of Sweden (Riding 1991 Phylum Chlorophycophyta Papenfuss, 1955?Class Bryopsidophyceae Bessey, 1907?Order Bryopsidales Schaffner, 1922?Family Udoteaceae Feldmann, 1946 dium to broad threads, dichotomous, randomly arranged; white neomicrosparitized wall.…”

Section: Stratum Typicum -Tarusian (Earliest Serpukhovian)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Late Viséan-early Serpukhovian cyanobacteria and algae from the Montagne Noire (France); taxonomy and biostratigraphy

Vachard¹,

Cózar²,

Aretz³

et al. 2016

Bull. Geosci.

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“…Riding (1975) andFliigel (1982 pp. 163 and333) have warned that calcareous algae and micritization are unreliable as depth criteria.…”

Section: A a Depth Scalementioning

confidence: 98%

Facies variation in Waulsortian buildups, Part 1; A model from Belgium

1985

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A composite cross-sectional model of a Mid-Dinantian Waulsortian buildup and its lateral equivalents is assembled from 10 measured sections. Five of these are in the Furfooz 'reef southeast of Dinant and the others, well correlated, are in 'non-reef facies in the Dinant and Namur synclinoria (ranging up to an original 100 km or more from the area of the buildups).This model provides the framework for a petrographic study (over 700 samples) in which 25components, mainly dochems, were recorded. The simple A assemblage typifies the classic Waulsortian facies-and many of its Iaterai equivalents.The others have increasing compositional diversity, with B and C occurring in the Waulsortian buildup facies and assemblage D mainly limited to %a& deposits. Many components of these assemblages (calcareous algae, micritization, plurilocular foraminifera, etc.) have distribution patterns showing marked diachronism downstope on the flank of the buildup. This is interpreted as representing a lowering of critical depth thresholds for individual components due to a major drop in sea level late in Tournaisian times. Different components shift downwards 'in step' at slightly different stratigraphic levels and this allows construction of a relative depth scale.Taking the lower limits of the calcareous algae as a reference level (Om), other lower limits are, approximately: micritization and cryptalgal coating (-90 m), plurilocular foraminifera (-120 m). hyalasteliid sponges . This relative scale is tentatively converted into a water depth scale using as criteria the distribution of the calcareous algae, the limit of micritization and cryptalgal coating, and evidence indicating that the upper parts of the buildup were in the shallows at the end of Tournaisian times when the buildup had a sea floor relief of about 220 m.Changes in the depositional environments throughout the formation of the buildup are then traced, from initiation of growth in subphotic depths, probably exceeding 300 m, through shallowing phases possibly leading to emergence. indicated by a dotted line, as in A. The area of interest in rhe present study lies between 60 and 170 km on the distance scale.

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Girvanella and other algae as depth indicators

Cited by 73 publications

References 19 publications

Evidence for microbial influence on the development of Lower Carboniferous buildups

Evidence for microbial influence on the development of Lower Carboniferous buildups

Late Viséan-early Serpukhovian cyanobacteria and algae from the Montagne Noire (France); taxonomy and biostratigraphy

Facies variation in Waulsortian buildups, Part 1; A model from Belgium

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