Ginkgo biloba modulates ET-I/NO signalling in Lead Acetate induced rat model of endothelial dysfunction: Involvement of oxido-inflammatory mediators

Pleiotropic attenuating effect of Ginkgo biloba against isoprenaline-induced myocardial infarction via improving Bcl-2/mTOR/ERK1/2/Na+, K+-ATPase activities

“…Following treatment with GBE in ISO-provoked animals, the status of these markers were noticeably decreased, suggesting that GBE had cardioprotective effects against MI animals. This finding was in line with earlier studies that had shown GBE to be a potent natural herbal anti-inflammatory product ( Gupta et al, 2021 , Asiwe et al, 2024 , Asiwe et al, 2023c , Asiwe et al, 2023b , Asiwe et al, 2023a ).…”

“…For the treatment of neurological disorders, GBE had been known and utilized in China for about 5000 years ( Das et al, 2022 ). Recent research suggested that GBE activities were mediated via anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory capabilities ( Asiwe et al, 2022b , Asiwe et al, 2024 , Asiwe et al, 2023a ). However, there were questions about the precise mechanism that might be in charge of its cardioprotective effects.…”

“…The findings of our study also demonstrated a significant increase in cardiac nitrite levels in ISO-treated rats, indicating a dysregulation of nitric oxide signalling that may further contributed to the animals’ poor cardiovascular performance ( Srivastava et al, 2022 ). Accordingly, NO was thought to mediate glutamatergic excitotoxicity via synergistic and cooperative release of glutamate and inflammatory cytokines like TNF-α by cardiac cells, thereby creating a favourable environment that exacerbated cardiac damage and heart failure ( Ben-Azu et al, 2022 , Asiwe et al, 2022b , Asiwe et al, 2024 ). On the other hand, GBE treatment significantly lowered cardiac nitrite, thereby reinstating the normal nitric oxide signalling and inhibition of peroxynitrite damage.…”

“…These anomalies may have function to significantly trigger the development of cardiac injury as a whole ( Chen et al, 2021 ). Numerous investigations have shown that anti-inflammatory treatments may stop the occurrence of these harmful incidence to lessen MI and its associated dysfunctions ( Asiwe et al, 2024 ). Indeed, intriguing results have came from a number of treatment studies employing animal models.…”

“…The leaves of G. biloba were recently used to isolate two novel ginkgolides (ginkgolide P and Q) ( Hébert et al, 2022 ). Numerous studies have shown that G. biloba extract (GBE) helped to treat a variety of illnesses, including type 2 diabetes, atherosclerosis ( Asiwe et al, 2024 , Liu et al, 2022 ), hypertension ( Asiwe et al, 2023c , Asiwe et al, 2023b , Asiwe et al, 2023a ) and dementia ( Shareena and Kumar, 2022 , Adebayo et al, 2023 ). GBE was frequently utilized to treat oxidative stress-related disorders since it was high in antioxidants ( Adebayo et al, 2022 , Asiwe et al, 2023a , Barbalho et al, 2022 , Ben-Azu et al, 2022 ).…”