Ganoderma lucidumtargeting lung cancer signaling: A review

Abstract

Lung cancer causes huge mortality to population, and pharmaceutical companies require new drugs as an alternative either synthetic or natural targeting lung cancer. The conventional therapies cause side effects, and therefore, natural products are used as a therapeutic candidate in lung cancer. Chemical diversity among natural products highlights the impact of evolution and survival of fittest. One such neglected natural product is Ganoderma lucidum used for promoting health and longevity for a longer time. The major bioconstituents of G. lucidum are mainly terpenes, polysaccharides, and proteins, which were explored for various activities ranging from apoptosis to autophagy. The bioconstituents of G. lucidum activate plasma membrane receptors and initiate various downstream signaling leading to nuclear factor-κB, phosphoinositide 3-kinase, Akt, and mammalian target of rapamycin in cancer. The bioconstituents regulate the expression of various genes involved in cell cycle, immune response, apoptosis, and autophagy in lung cancer. This review highlights the inextricable role of G. lucidum and its bioconstituents in lung cancer signaling for the first time.

Apoptosis induced by 9,11‑dehydroergosterol peroxide from Ganoderma�Lucidum mycelium in human malignant melanoma cells is Mcl‑1 dependent

“…Ganoderma contains many bioactive natural components, including triterpenes, polysaccharides, proteins and steroids. Ganoderma triterpenoids and steroids were reported to be potential chemopreventive and therapeutic agents for cancer treatment ( 13 , 14 ). 9(11)-DHEP is a natural product present in G. lucidum , which has been shown to regulate various biological process.…”

Effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-activated gene-1 on Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides-induced apoptosis of human prostate cancer PC-3 cells

“…The anticancer activities of GLP have remained a focus of interest for cancer prevention. Numerous studies have demonstrated that GLP is able to inhibit carcinogenesis in various types of cancer, including ovarian ( 41 ), lung ( 42 , 43 ), breast ( 44 ), liver cancer ( 45 ), leukemia ( 46 ), colon cancer ( 22 ) and PCa ( 47 ). Amongst these cancer types, the anticancer effects of G. lucidum on PCa have been the most intensely investigated; this is due to earlier reports on PC-SPES and its anticancer activity in PCa.…”

Ganoderma Lucidum Polysaccharide, an Extract from Ganoderma Lucidum, Exerts Suppressive Effect on Cervical Cancer Cell Malignancy through Mitigating Epithelial-Mesenchymal and JAK/STAT5 Signaling Pathway

“…In particular, GLP has been found to have antioxidant [9,10], immunoregulation [11,12], anti-inflammatory [13], and anticancer [14,15] properties. Recently, some evidence has found that the bioactive components of ganoderma lucidum, including polysaccharide, can regulate cell cycle, apoptosis, and autophagy in lung cancer [16]. Lieu et al [17] discovered that GLP could suppress the growth and differentiation of leukemic U937 cells.…”