<i>Fusobacterium nucleatum</i>and colorectal cancer: A review

Shang, Fumei; Liu, Hongli

doi:10.4251/wjgo.v10.i3.71

Cited by 208 publications

(182 citation statements)

References 101 publications

(160 reference statements)

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“…Furthermore, although the proportion of cases diagnosed before the age of 50 years increased in all zip code-level income quartiles, the highest proportion of young cases was in the highest income quartile. 26,27 A definitive causal link between antibiotic use and CRC has yet to be established, but a recent, large study from the United Kingdom did identify a strong association between oral antibiotic use in the previous 10 years and a diagnosis of colon cancer. 24 These NCDB data are thought-provoking in that factors typically associated with better access to health care (private insurance, urban geography, and white race) are associated with rising proportions of earlier onset colon cancer.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies have correlated long-term antibiotic use with colorectal adenomas, 25 and multiple associative studies have correlated changes in the gut microbiome with the presence of CRC. 26,27 A definitive causal link between antibiotic use and CRC has yet to be established, but a recent, large study from the United Kingdom did identify a strong association between oral antibiotic use in the previous 10 years and a diagnosis of colon cancer. As expected, an analysis of clinical CRC characteristics stratified by age has shown that CRC detected in younger patients is more advanced with higher rates of regional and distant metastases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent trends in the age at diagnosis of colorectal cancer in the US National Cancer Data Base, 2004‐2015

Virostko

Capasso

Yankeelov

et al. 2019

Cancer

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BACKGROUND: The incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) in adults younger than 50 years has increased in the United States over the past decades according to Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results data. National guidelines conflict over beginning screening at the age of 45 or 50 years. METHODS: This was a retrospective study of National Cancer Data Base data from 2004 to 2015. The Cochran-Armitage test for trend was used to assess changes in the proportion of cases diagnosed at an age younger than 50 years. RESULTS: This study identified 130,165 patients diagnosed at an age younger than 50 years and 1,055,598 patients diagnosed at the age of 50 years or older. The proportion of the total number of patients diagnosed with CRC at an age younger than 50 years rose (12.2% in 2015 vs 10.0% in 2004; P < .0001). Younger adults presented with more advanced disease (stage III/IV; 51.6% vs 40.0% of those 50 years old or older). Among men, diagnosis at ages younger than 50 years rose only in non-Hispanic whites (P < .0001), whereas among women, Hispanic and non-Hispanic whites had increases in younger diagnoses over time (P < .05). All income quartiles had a proportional increase in younger adults over time (P < .001), with the highest income quartile having the highest proportion of younger cases. The proportion of younger onset CRC cases rose in urban areas (P < .001) but did not rise in rural areas. CONCLUSIONS: The proportion of persons diagnosed with CRC at an age younger than 50 years in the United States has continued to increase over the past decade, and younger adults present with more advanced disease. These data should be considered in the ongoing discussion of screening guidelines. Cancer 2019;125:3828-3835.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent trends in the age at diagnosis of colorectal cancer in the US National Cancer Data Base, 2004‐2015

Virostko

Capasso

Yankeelov

et al. 2019

Cancer

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“…F. nucleatum is a Gram-negative human oral bacterium 44 that is involved in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease, and is implicated in preterm births 44,45 and cancer. 46,47 F I G U R E 3 A, Illustration of how phase-variable switching of extended hsdS genes occurs. Extended hsdS genes contain three separate target recognition domains (TRDs; TRD 1 in orange at the 5′ end, a central TRD 2a in light green, and TRD 2b at the 3′ end in dark green).…”

Section: Fusobacterium Nucleatum Contain Extended Phase-variable Hsdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

DNA sequence repeats identify numerous Type I restriction‐modification systems that are potential epigenetic regulators controlling phase‐variable regulons; phasevarions

et al. 2019

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Over recent years several examples of randomly switching methyltransferases, associated with Type III restriction-modification (R-M) systems, have been described in pathogenic bacteria. In every case examined, changes in simple DNA sequence repeats result in variable methyltransferase expression and result in global changes in gene expression, and differentiation of the bacterial cell into distinct phenotypes.These epigenetic regulatory systems are called phasevarions, phase-variable regulons, and are widespread in bacteria, with 17.4% of Type III R-M system containing simple DNA sequence repeats. A distinct, recombination-driven random switching system has also been described in Streptococci in Type I R-M systems that also regulate gene expression. Here, we interrogate the most extensive and well-curated database of R-M systems, REBASE, by searching for all possible simple DNA sequence repeats in the hsdRMS genes that encode Type I R-M systems. We report that 7.9% of hsdS, 2% of hsdM, and of 4.3% of hsdR genes contain simple sequence repeats that are capable of mediating phase variation. Phase variation of both hsdM and hsdS genes will lead to differential methyltransferase expression or specificity, and thereby the potential to control phasevarions. These data suggest that in addition to well characterized phasevarions controlled by Type III mod genes, and the previously described Streptococcal Type I R-M systems that switch via recombination, approximately 10% of all Type I R-M systems surveyed herein have independently evolved the ability to randomly switch expression via simple DNA sequence repeats. K E Y W O R D Sbacterial pathogenesis, epigenetics, phase variation, phasevarion, R-M systems | 1039 ATACK eT Al.

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“…Some colonic microbiota, such as Fusobacterium nucleatum and Bacteroides fragilis, are especially potent in activating NF-κB activity [34,35]. Fusobacterium nucleatum is significantly elevated in human colorectal tumors compared to that in adjacent healthy tissue [36], Fusobacterium nucleatum stimulates NF-κB by activating TLR4 signaling and facilitates tumor development [31,37]. Whether colonic microbiota, such as Fusobacterium nucleatum, play roles in the suppression of Siglec ligand expression in colonic epithelial cells will require further investigation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

BGN/TLR4/NF-κB Mediates Epigenetic Silencing of Immunosuppressive Siglec Ligands in Colon Cancer Cells

Huang

Cai

Suen

et al. 2020

Cells

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Human Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling plays a vital role in intestinal inflammation by activating the NF-κB pathway. By querying GENT2 datasets, we identified the gene expression level of TLR2 and TLR4 as being substantially increased in colorectal cancer. Introduction of shRNAs for TLR4 but not TLR2 dramatically recovered disialyl Lewis a and sialyl 6-sulfo Lewis x glycans, which are preferentially expressed in non-malignant colonic epithelial cells and could serve as ligands for the immunosuppressive molecule Siglec-7. We screened several TLR4 ligands and found that among them BGN is highly expressed in cancers and is involved in the epigenetic silencing of Siglec-7 ligands. Suppression of BGN expression substantially downregulated NF-κB activity and the marker H3K27me3 in the promoter regions of the SLC26A2 and ST6GalNAc6 genes, which are involved in the synthesis of those glycans, and restored expression of normal glycans as well as Siglec-7 binding activities. We show that in the presence of TLR4, inflammatory stimuli initiate a positive loop involving NF-κB that activates BGN and further enhances TLR4 activity. Present findings indicate a putative mechanism for the promotion of carcinogenesis by loss of immunosuppressive ligands by the BGN/TLR4/ NF-κB pathway.

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Fusobacterium nucleatumand colorectal cancer: A review

Cited by 208 publications

References 101 publications

Recent trends in the age at diagnosis of colorectal cancer in the US National Cancer Data Base, 2004‐2015

Recent trends in the age at diagnosis of colorectal cancer in the US National Cancer Data Base, 2004‐2015

DNA sequence repeats identify numerous Type I restriction‐modification systems that are potential epigenetic regulators controlling phase‐variable regulons; phasevarions

BGN/TLR4/NF-κB Mediates Epigenetic Silencing of Immunosuppressive Siglec Ligands in Colon Cancer Cells

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