<i>Fusarium langsethiae</i> – a <scp>HT</scp>‐2 and <scp>T</scp>‐2 Toxins Producer that Needs More Attention

Imathiu, Samuel; Edwards, Simon; Ray, Rumiana V.; Back, Matthew A.

doi:10.1111/jph.12036

Cited by 56 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 72 publications

(176 reference statements)

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“…On the other hand, the significant and positive correlation of T2+HT2 toxins with the grain yield and the 1000-kernel weight seemed to suggest a general healthy kernel condition which substantially agrees with previous observations on the lack of clear disease and/or visual symptoms on cereal heads in field although the presence of F. langsethiae was confirmed (Imathiu et al 2013;Opoku et al 2013). In fact, this fungus is known for its inability to cause severe disease symptoms on cereals (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

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Preliminary survey on the co-occurrence of DON and T2+HT2 toxins in durum wheat in Italy

Aureli¹,

Amoriello²,

Belocchi³

et al. 2015

Cereal Research Communications

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This study was carried out to determine the co-occurrence of deoxynivalenol (DON) and the sum of T2 and HT2 toxins in durum wheat samples belonging to eight cultivars grown in a national network experimental trials over a three-year period (2011)(2012)(2013). The effect of several factors (cultivar, year and cultivation area) affecting the occurrence of the two types of mycotoxins and their relationship with several agronomic and grain quality parameters were assayed by statistical analysis (GLZ). The results highlighted the different trend of incidence and contamination rate of the two types of mycotoxins in relation to the cropping year and to the growing examined areas. Year and its interaction with the cultivation area was the most important factor affecting the DON contamination, whereas genotype and its interaction with the year mainly influenced T2+HT2 toxins contamination rate. DON and T2+HT2 contamination levels were not significantly correlated with each other. The evidence that the two types of mycotoxins were differently related with several agronomic and grain quality parameters could be connected to the effects of the respective fungal disease on wheat plant.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…: DON). On the contrary T2 and HT2 toxins reach high levels in warm and dry seasons (Langseth and Rundberget 1999;Hietaniemi et al 2004;Imathiu et al 2013). These weather conditions generally occur both in late spring and in summer seasons in the Centre-South of Italy and in Sicily.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary survey on the co-occurrence of DON and T2+HT2 toxins in durum wheat in Italy

Aureli¹,

Amoriello²,

Belocchi³

et al. 2015

Cereal Research Communications

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“…3 cereals under both controlled and field experiments (Imathiu et al, 2013a;Imathiu et al, 2013b;Opoku et al, 2013;Morcia et al, 2016). Fusarium head blight, also known as scab or head fusariosis describes a disease of small-grain cereals that include oats.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Agronomic practices influence the infection of an oats cultivar with Fusarium langsethiae

Imathiu

Ray

Back³

et al. 2017

Acta Phytopathologica et Entomologica Hungarica

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Fusarium langsethiae, a toxigenic fungus known to contaminate small-grain cereals with type A trichothecene mycotoxins, HT-2 and T-2 was described as a new species in 2004. HT-2 and T-2 are some of the most potent Fusarium toxins in eukaryotes, capable of inhibiting protein synthesis. The epidemiology of F. langsethiae is not well understood and with the intent of the European Commission to set maximum levels of contamination of cereals with these toxins, importance is currently placed in trying to understand the fungal infection process and its favorable growth conditions. A field study was carried out to investigate the effect of artificially inoculated oats straw, ploughing and minimum tillage with and without incorporated crop debris (straw) on infection and mycotoxin production by F. langsethiae on oats cultivar Gerald. The results indicated that cultural field practices had effects on the infection of oats by F. langsethiae. Fusarium langsethiae DNA was quantified in significantly larger amounts (p<0.05) in minimum tilled with incorporated straw plot samples than in other plot samples. It was also shown that inoculated straw had no significant effect (p>0.05) on oat infection by F. langsethiae as quantified by DNA concentration. HT-2+T-2 quantification and analysis, gave no good evidence that either inoculation or cultural practice had any significant influence on the concentration of mycotoxins in the samples (p>0.05), but samples from minimum tillage with incorporated straw plots resulted in 2.5 times more HT-2+T-2 toxins than samples from ploughed with removed straw. These findings indicate the importance of tillage and crop debris management in the mitigation in an effort to prevent F. langsethiae infection, colonization and possible contamination of oats with HT-2 and T-2 toxins.

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“…The understanding of the epidemiology of F. langsethiae and variables influencing the development of HT2 + T2 toxins is increasing, but still limited (Imathiu et al 2013). The accumulation of HT2 + T2 in F. langsethiae infested oats in the UK has been associated with warm and wet weather conditions before anthesis (Opoku et al 2013).…”

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confidence: 99%

HT-2 and T-2 toxins in Norwegian oat grains related to weather conditions at different growth stages

et al. 2018

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High concentrations of the mycotoxins HT-2 and T-2 (HT2 + T2), primarily produced by Fusarium langsethiae, have occasionally been detected in Norwegian oat grains. In this study, we identified weather variables influencing accumulation of HT2 + T2 in Norwegian oat grains. Oat grain samples from farmers' fields were collected together with weather data (2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011)(2012)(2013). Spearman rank correlation coefficients were calculated between the HT2 + T2 contamination in oats at harvest and a range of weather summarisations within estimated phenological windows of growth stages in oats (tillering, flowering etc.). Furthermore, we developed a mathematical model to predict the risk of HT2 + T2 in oat grains. Our data show that adequate predictions of the risk of HT2 + T2 in oat grains at harvest can be achieved, based upon weather data observed during the growing season. Humid and cool conditions, in addition to moderate temperatures during booting, were associated with increased HT2 + T2 accumulation in harvested oat grains, whereas warm and humid weather during stem elongation and inflorescence emergence, or cool weather and absence of rain during booting reduced the risk of HT2 + T2 accumulation. Warm and humid weather immediately after flowering increased the risk, while moderate to warm temperatures and absence of rain during dough development, reduced the risk of HT2 + T2 accumulation in oat grains. Our data indicated that HT2 + T2 contamination in oats is influenced by weather conditions both pre-and post-flowering. These findings are in contrast with a previous study examining the risk of deoxynivalenol contamination in oat reporting that toxin accumulation was mostly influenced by weather conditions from flowering onwards.

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Fusarium langsethiae – a HT‐2 and T‐2 Toxins Producer that Needs More Attention

Cited by 56 publications

References 72 publications

Preliminary survey on the co-occurrence of DON and T2+HT2 toxins in durum wheat in Italy

Preliminary survey on the co-occurrence of DON and T2+HT2 toxins in durum wheat in Italy

Agronomic practices influence the infection of an oats cultivar with Fusarium langsethiae

HT-2 and T-2 toxins in Norwegian oat grains related to weather conditions at different growth stages

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