FusariumPathogenomics

Abstract

Fusarium is a genus of filamentous fungi that contains many agronomically important plant pathogens, mycotoxin producers, and opportunistic human pathogens. Comparative analyses have revealed that the Fusarium genome is compartmentalized into regions responsible for primary metabolism and reproduction (core genome), and pathogen virulence, host specialization, and possibly other functions (adaptive genome). Genes involved in virulence and host specialization are located on pathogenicity chromosomes within strains pathogenic to tomato (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici) and pea (Fusarium 'solani' f. sp. pisi). The experimental transfer of pathogenicity chromosomes from F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici into a nonpathogen transformed the latter into a tomato pathogen. Thus, horizontal transfer may explain the polyphyletic origins of host specificity within the genus. Additional genome-scale comparative and functional studies are needed to elucidate the evolution and diversity of pathogenicity mechanisms, which may help inform novel disease management strategies against fusarial pathogens.

Diverse data supports the transition of filamentous fungal model organisms into the post-genomics era

“…While studied explicitly to understand its ability to cause disease in rice, M. grisea has emerged as a tractable model to understand the biology of the wheat-infecting variety of this fungus which has tremendous potential to impact wheat production in North America, Europe, and Asia (Pieck et al 2017). Finally, fungi in the genera Fusarium produce toxins and cause disease in plants, animals, and even humans, are useful in industrial biotechnology, and are even used directly in producing food for humans (Ma et al 2013). Fusaria, including F. graminearum, F. oxysporum, F. verticillioides, F. moniliformis , and F. solani have been studied with a number of techniques including molecular genetic map construction (Jurgenson et al 2002), electrophoretic karyotyping (Migheli et al 1993; VanEtten et al 1998), and ultimately by comparative genomic analysis (Ma et al 2010; Sperschneider et al 2015).…”

Detecção simultânea de fatores de resistência à murcha de fusário do tomateiro por meio de PCR multiplex

“…lycopersici (FOL), que apresenta três raças fisiológicas e é um dos principais problemas fitossanitários da cultura no Brasil (Reis et al, 2005;Reis & Boiteux, 2007;Gonzalez-Cendales et al, 2016). FOL apresenta estruturas de resistência que asseguram sua sobrevivência em condições ambientais adversas, o que garante assim sua viabilidade em áreas de cultivo (Carrer Filho et al, 2015a resistência da denominada série I (Immunity) conferem resistência específica à raça de isolados de FOL (Ma et al, 2013). Estes genes, designados como I-1, I-2, I-3 e I-7 foram caracterizados em espécies selvagens de Solanum (Lycopersicon) e introgredidos em cultivares comerciais de tomateiro (Huang & Lindhout, 1997;Houterman et al, 2008).…”

Tracking ancestral lineages and recent expansions of NBS-LRR genes in angiosperms

“…6 Interestingly, the starting point of intensive expansions of both TNL and CNL genes from different angiosperm lineages were traced to the K-P boundary »66 million years ago. 6 The reported dramatic environment change and bloom of pathogenic fungi at this period [14][15][16][17] allowed us to speculate that an increased selection pressure from pathogens might have driven the intensive and convergent expansions of TNL and CNL genes in various angiosperm lineages at this stage. 6 Although TNL and CNL genes exhibit convergent recent expansion, these have underwent completely different evolutionary processes during the first 100 million years evolution of angiosperm.…”