<i>Filifactor alocis</i>: Recent Insights and Advances

Aja, Ezinne; Mangar, Malissa; Fletcher, Hansel M.; Mishra, Ashish Kumar

doi:10.1177/00220345211000656

Cited by 36 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…In recent studies, F . alocis has been proposed to be included within the red complex of periodontal pathogens [ 48 ], probably due to these properties that enable this bacterium to colonize, survive, and outcompete other bacteria within the inflammatory environment of the periodontal pocket [ 48 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in the subgingival microbiome according to stage of periodontitis: A comparison of two geographic regions

et al. 2022

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No microbiological criteria were included in the 2018 EFP-AAP classification of periodontal diseases that could be used to differentiate between stages and grades. Furthermore, differences in the subgingival microbiome depending on stage and grade have not been established. Sixty subgingival biofilm samples were collected in Spain (n = 30) and Colombia (n = 30) from three distinct patient categories: those with periodontal health/gingivitis (n = 20), those with stage I-II periodontitis (n = 20), and those with stage III-IV periodontitis (n = 20). Patients were evaluated by 16S rRNA gene amplification sequencing. Amplicon sequence variants were used to assign taxonomic categories compared to the Human Oral Microbiome Database (threshold ≥97% identity). Alpha diversity was established by Shannon and Simpson indices, and principal coordinate analysis, ANOSIM, and PERMANOVA of the UNIFRAC distances were performed using QIIME2. Although differences in the alpha diversity were observed between samples according to country, Filifactor alocis, Peptostreptococcaceae [XI][G-4] bacterium HMT 369, Fretibacterium fastidiosum, Lachnospiraceae [G-8] bacterium HMT 500, Peptostreptococcaceae [XI][G-5] [Eubacterium] saphenum, Peptostreptococcus stomatis, and Tannerella forsythia were associated with periodontitis sites in all stages. However, only F. alocis, Peptostreptococcaceae [XI][G-4] bacterium HMT 369, Peptostreptococcaceae [XI][G-9] [Eubacterium] brachy, Peptostreptococcaceae [XI][G-5] [Eubacterium] saphenum, and Desulfobulbus sp. HMT 041 were consistent in stage III-IV periodontitis in both countries. Porphyromonas gingivalis and Tannerella forsythia were differentially expressed in severe lesions in the countries studied. Although some non-cultivable microorganisms showed differential patterns between the different stages of periodontitis, they were not the same in the two countries evaluated. Further studies using larger samples with advanced next-generation techniques for high-throughput sequencing of phyla and non-cultivable bacteria within the subgingival microbiome could provide more insight into the differences between stages of periodontitis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in the subgingival microbiome according to stage of periodontitis: A comparison of two geographic regions

et al. 2022

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“…F. alocis has recently been proposed to be a pathogen and diagnostic of periodontal disease (Aja et al, 2021), and was found at significantly higher level in periodontal patients (Lee et al, 2020;Spooner et al, 2016). It is a Gram-positive anaerobe that resists oxidative stress, interacting with gingival epithelial cells and forming biofilms in the periodontal pocket (Moffatt et al, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electronic cigarette use enriches periodontal pathogens

Pushalkar

Lin

et al. 2022

Molecular Oral Microbiology

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The effect of electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) smoking, especially its long-term impact on oral health, is poorly understood. Here, we conducted a longitudinal clinical study with two study visits, 6 months apart, to investigate the effect of e-cigarette use on the bacterial community structure in the saliva of 101 periodontitis patients. Our data demonstrated that e-cigarette use altered the oral microbiome in periodontitis patients, enriching members of the Filifactor, Treponema, and Fusobacterium taxa. For patients at the same periodontal disease stage, cigarette smokers and e-cigarette smokers shared more similarities in their oral bacterial composition. E-cigarette smoking may have a similar potential as cigarette smoking at altering the bacterial composition of saliva over time, leading to an increase in the relative abundance of periodontal disease-associated pathogens such as Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum. The correlation analysis showed that certain genera, such as Dialister, Selenomonas, and Leptotrichia in the e-cigarette smoking group, were positively correlated with the levels of proinflammatory cytokines, including IFN-γ, IL-1β, and TNF-α. E-cigarette use was also associated with elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines such as IFN-γ and TNF-α, which contribute to oral microbiome dysbiosis and advanced disease state.

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“…These results suggest that increased diversity might trigger a pro-inflammatory response and decrease mucosal clearance in adenoids, leading to hypertrophy and obstruction of the airways. We also found interesting correlations between Th17 and several bacterial in the oropharynx; Th17 were inverse correlated with Filifactor , a gram-positive genus of bacteria comprising F. alocis , which has recently been identified as a biomarker of periodontal disease ( Aja et al, 2021 ) and in tonsillar cancer patients ( De Martin et al, 2021 ), with Treponema , also a genus of bacteria causative of periodontitis ( T. denticola ). Again, these results suggest that bacteria in caries might translocate to and colonize other sites within the oral cavity, and trigger a pro-inflammatory response and decrease mucosal clearance in tonsils, leading to infection (tonsillitis).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Mucosal immune cell populations and the bacteriome of adenoids and tonsils from people living with HIV on suppressive antiretroviral therapy

et al. 2022

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Ear, nose, and throat (ENT) conditions are prevalent in people living with HIV (PLWH) and occur at all strata of CD4 counts and despite antiretroviral therapy (ART). ENT conditions are underreported in PLWH. Also, little is known about the adenotonsillar microbiota and its relation to resident adaptive and innate immune cells. To bridge this gap, we characterized immune cell populations and the bacterial microbiota of two anatomical sites (adenoids, tonsils) and the oral cavity. Adenoids and tonsils were obtained from PLWH (n = 23) and HIV-seronegative individuals (SN, n = 16) after nasal surgery and tonsillectomy and processed for flow cytometry. Nasopharyngeal, oropharyngeal swabs, and oral rinses were collected prior to surgery for 16S sequencing. Wilcoxon rank sum test, principal coordinate analysis, permutational multivariate analysis of variance, and linear discriminant analysis (LEfSe) were used to assess differences between PLWH and SN. Spearman’s correlations were performed to explore interactions between the bacteriome and mucosal immune cells. Of the 39 individuals included, 30 (77%) were men; the median age was 32 years. All PLWH were on ART, with a median CD4 of 723 cells. ENT conditions were classified as inflammatory or obstructive, with no differences observed between PLWH and SN. PLWH had higher frequencies of activated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, increased T helper (Th)1 and decreased Th2 cells; no differences were observed for B cells and innate immune cells. Alpha diversity was comparable between PLWH and SN at all 3 anatomical sites (adenoids, tonsils, and oral cavity). The impact of HIV infection on the bacterial community structure at each site, as determined by Permutational multivariate analysis of variance, was minor and not significant. Two discriminant genera were identified in adenoids using LEfSe: Staphylococcus for PLWH and Corynebacterium for SN. No discriminant genera were identified in the oropharynx and oral cavity. Niche-specific differences in microbial diversity and communities were observed. PLWH shared less of a core microbiota than SN. In the oropharynx, correlation analysis revealed that Th17 cells were inversely correlated with bacterial richness and diversity, Filifactor, Actinomyces and Treponema; and positively correlated with Streptococcus. Our study contributes toward understanding the role of the adenotonsillar microbiota in the pathophysiology of ENT conditions.

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Filifactor alocis: Recent Insights and Advances

Cited by 36 publications

References 61 publications

Differences in the subgingival microbiome according to stage of periodontitis: A comparison of two geographic regions

Differences in the subgingival microbiome according to stage of periodontitis: A comparison of two geographic regions

Electronic cigarette use enriches periodontal pathogens

Mucosal immune cell populations and the bacteriome of adenoids and tonsils from people living with HIV on suppressive antiretroviral therapy

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